A Study of Theoretical and Practical Issues for Roboethics
0
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This paper aims to examine and criticize the ontological views of robots; if they can exist only by the hands of human beings or in themselves, also explore the given approaches of roboethics, and finally to seek the new orientation of roboethics. Robots are seen in various views, but in past they are under the notion of machines created by human beings. In robotics, the long-term ethical concerns of utilizing robots in human lives are difficult to calculate; whereas in the minds of traditional ethicists there is a tendency to be excessively worried for the bad effects in robots’ performances. Now to prepare for living with robots, first of all, we have to consider robots’ ontological positions and moral activities, as agents, input by human beings as creators, designers, programmers, producers, consumers, controllers, or regulators. In this consideration, beyond the recognition that robots are made as tools, robots can be qualified as quasi-agents that have certain influences on humans by promoting intelligent, purposive activities in the programs to realize other-regarding virtues reflected by human morality which include self-regarding interests from the first design. When reaching any contemplation, this enables us to consider three main ethical approaches to robots: Asimov’s laws-based, deontology-based, and utility-based approaches. Thinking over their approaches and possible issues, will furthermore, make us go forward to demand a new challenge in roboethics: responsibility of human beings as their creators of robots, or the responsibility of robots as quasi-autonomous beings programmed for the goals of humanity, even though they are created for the purpose of self-regarding interests of humans, for example, to earn a lot of money
Abstract
This paper aims to examine and criticize the ontological views of robots; if they can exist only by the hands of human beings or in themselves, also explore the given approaches of roboethics, and finally to seek the new orientation of roboethics. Robots are seen in various views, but in past they are under the notion of machines created by human beings. In robotics, the long-term ethical concerns of utilizing robots in human lives are difficult to calculate; whereas in the minds of traditional ethicists there is a tendency to be excessively worried for the bad effects in robots’ performances. Now to prepare for living with robots, first of all, we have to consider robots’ ontological positions and moral activities, as agents, input by human beings as creators, designers, programmers, producers, consumers, controllers, or regulators. In this consideration, beyond the recognition that robots are made as tools, robots can be qualified as quasi-agents that have certain influences on humans by promoting intelligent, purposive activities in the programs to realize other-regarding virtues reflected by human morality which include self-regarding interests from the first design. When reaching any contemplation, this enables us to consider three main ethical approaches to robots: Asimov’s laws-based, deontology-based, and utility-based approaches. Thinking over their approaches and possible issues, will furthermore, make us go forward to demand a new challenge in roboethics: responsibility of human beings as their creators of robots, or the responsibility of robots as quasi-autonomous beings programmed for the goals of humanity, even though they are created for the purpose of self-regarding interests of humans, for example, to earn a lot of money
참고문헌 (21)
- Arkin, Ronald C, "Governing Lethal Behavior in Autonomous Robots" (2009), CRC Press
- Asimov, Isaac, "Robot Vision", ROC, ~ (2004)
- Bentham, Jeremy, "An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation" (2005), Kessinger Publishing
- Kant, Immanuel, "The Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals", EBook #5682, ~ (2004)
- Letwin, Oliver, "Ethics, Emotion and the Unity of the Self" (2010), Routledge
- Abney, Keith, "Robotics, Ethical Theory, and Metaethics: A Guide for the Perplexed, In Robot Ethics" (2012), The MIT Press
- Asaro, Peter M, "What Should We Want From a Robot Ethic?", International Review of Information Ethics, 6, pp.9~16 (2006)
- Becker, Barbara, "Social Robots-Emotional Agents: Some Remarks on Naturalizing Man-Machine Interaction", International Review of Information Ethics, 6, pp.38~45 (2006)
- Bekey, George A, "Current Trends in Robotics: Technology and Ethics, In Robot Ethics", pp.17~34 (2012), The MIT Press
- Borenstein, Jason, "Robot Caregivers: Ethical Issues across the Human Lifespan, In Robot Ethics", pp.251~265 (2012), The MIT Press
- Clarke, Roger, "Asimov’s Laws of Robotics: Implications for Information Technology, In Machine Ethics", pp.254~284 (2011), Cambridge University Press
- Gips, John, "Towards the Ethical Robot, In Machine Ethics", pp.244~253 (2011), Cambridge University Press
- Hall, J. Storrs, "Ethics for Self-Improving Machines, In Machine Ethics", pp.512~523 (2011), Cambridge University Press
- Lin, Patrick, "Introduction to Robot Ethics, In Robot Ethics", pp.3~15 (2012), The MIT Press
- Lin, Patrick, "Robots in War; Issues of Risk and Ethics, In Ethics and Robotics", pp.49~67 (2009), Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft AKA GmbH
- Mill, John Stuart, "Utilitarianism, In On Liberty and Other Essays" (1998), Oxford University Press
- Sullins, John P, "When Is a Robot a Moral Agent?, In Machine Ethics", pp.151~161 (2011), Cambridge University Press
- Versenyi, Laszlo, "Can Robots be Moral?", Ethics, 84(3), pp.248~259 (1974)
- Veruggio, Gionmarco, "Roboethics: a Bottom-up Interdisciplinary Discourse in the Field of Applied Ethics in Robotics", International Review of Information Ethics, 6, pp.3~8 (2006)
- Veruggio, Gianmarco, "Roboethics: The Applies Ethics for a New Science, In Robot Ethics", pp.347~363 (2012), The MIT Press
- Whitby, Blay, "Do You Want a Robot Lover? The Ethics of Caring Technologies, In Robot Ethics", pp.223~248 (2012), The MIT Press