초인본주의의 도덕적 향상에 관한 신경윤리학적 성찰과 도덕교육적 함의
Neuroethical reflection on moral enhancement of transhumanism and its implications to moral education
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인간의 도덕적 향상을 허용해야 하는지의 문제는 신경과학 시대에서 우리가 직면한 대표적인 윤리적 쟁점 가운데 하나이다. 도덕적 향상에 관한 대립적 입장은 생명보수주의와 초인본주의의 양 극단으로 분류된다. 생명보수주의는 인간의 도덕적 향상이 결국엔 인간다음과 인간 본성을 파괴할 위험성이 크다고 경고한다. 이와는 달리 초인본주의는 인류의 도덕적 향상은 더 나은 삶의 영위를 위해 필수불가결한 것이라고 주장한다. 생명보수주의는 인간 본성의 내재적 가치를 주장하지만, 초인본주의는 인간 본성은 문제가 많으므로 개선을 필요로 한다고 본다. 이에 이 논문에서는 초인본주의의 기본 개념과 철학, 초인본주의에서의 도덕적 향상 논리 및 생명정치학적 입장에 대하여 살펴본 후에, 초인본주의의 도전에 대응하기 위한 방안을 제안하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 이 논문에서는 초인본주의에서의 도덕적 향상 논리가 지닌 문제점을 지적함과 동시에 인간의 도덕성은 기술적 개입이 아닌 도덕교육을 통해 함양될 필요가 있음을 역설하였다.
Abstract
Moral enhancement debate in an era of neuroscience is one of the hottest ethical issues facing us. Positions in the ethical debate on human moral enhancement can be divided into two different extremes. Bioconservatives take a position that restricts human moral enhancement because it would undermine something intrinsically valuable to human nature. Transhumanists enthusiastically supports the development of moral enhancement. According to transhumanists, most urgent change that should be made is a moral improvement of human nature. In this article, I tried to describe the conceptual definition and basic philosophy, logics of moral enhancement, and the biopolitical position of transhumanism. I also argued that moral enhancement supported by transhumanists did stop short of finding possible complexities of human morality and failed to acknowledge the role and importance of moral education as a traditional method of moral enhancement. It is my strong conviction that human morality should be developed not by technical interventions but by systematic moral education.
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