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행복과 국가: 행복의 다학제적 해석과 그것의 정책적 함의를 중심으로

Happiness and State: Multidisciplinary Interpretation of Happiness and Its Policy Implication

박승민
국회입법조사처 (NARS)|2018.08|입법과 정책 (Legislation and Policy Studies)|제10권 제2호|pp. 91-122|DOI 10.22809/nars.2018.10.2.004

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참고문헌

키워드

정책행복Policy국가StateHappiness다학제적 해석Multidisciplinary Interpretation
주제분류정책학

초록

본 논문의 목적은 행복에 대한 기존의 단일 학문적 접근의 한계를 보완하고, 행복 관련 정책의 발전에 기여하는 것이다. 행복에 대한 다학제적 접근을 위해 주요 인문･사회과학들에서 이뤄지는 행복 관련 주요 논의를 비판적으로 고찰하고, 그 결과를 중심으로 정책적 함의를 도출하였다. 철학적 해석을 통해 행복 관련 정책 마련 시 행복이 객관적 실체로 존재하는 것이 아니라 개인 마다 다르게 인식된다는 점을 고려해야 함을 알 수 있었다. 심리학적 해석을 통해 차별적 경험자에 대한 차별적 지원과 함께 현 상태 유지를 경계하는 적극적인 정책, 경제학적 해석을 통해 이스털린 패러독스를 고려하여 비경제적 요소의 성장을 도모하며, 소득 불평등에 따른 행복 불평등을 경계할 수 있는 정책, 정치학적 해석을 통해 민주주의 정치 체제를 기반으로 좋은 거버넌스를 확대할 수 있는 정책, 사회학적 해석을 통해 사회적 자본을 풍부하게 할 수 있는 정책이 필요함과 함께 행복의 계량적 측정을 통해 정책적 개입이 필요한 집단이 인지되면 그들의 행복에 관한 질적 접근이 병행되어야 함을 알 수 있었다. 끝으로, 본 논문의 한계와 함께 후속 연구를 제안하였다.

Abstract

The purpose of this research is not only to critically examine happiness from multidisciplinary perspectives but also to provide policy implications based on the results. For this, the paper examines the core explanations and discourse on happiness as found within diverse disciplines. The philosophical interpretation of happiness suggests that existence and definitions of happiness should not be regarded as objective but subjective during the process of policy making. The psychological interpretation suggests that a differentiated policy approach is needed for individual cases, and that an affirmative policy approach is needed to overcome the principle of the set point of happiness. The economics of happiness suggest that the non-economical dimensions are to be supported in order to overcome the Easterlin Paradox. Additionally, policy changes are needed to decrease the inequality of happiness. The political approach suggests that expanding good governance based on the democratic political system is needed. The sociological interpretation suggests that the policy for improving social capital is needed. Reviewing the quantitative methods for measuring happiness suggests that the qualitative approach to the happiness should be also applied for the happiness policy making. The end of the paper discusses the limitations and future directions of the research.

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