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행복 실현을 위한 정책의 난점 -행복의 측정, 과학적 연구와 정책 실행에서의 문제와 대안 모색

Challenges in Public Policies for Realizing Happiness- Difficulties in Measuring Happiness, Undertaking Scientific Research, Implementing Happiness Policy, and the Search for Alternatives

우창빈
한국행정연구원 (The Korea Institute of Public Administration)|2023.07|한국행정연구 (The Korean Journal of Public Administration)|제32권 제2호|pp. 1-30|DOI 10.22897/kipajn.2023.32.2.001

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거버넌스공공정책행복happinesspublic policygovernancewicked problem정책수단공공난제(wicked problem)
주제분류행정학

초록

본 연구는 행복을 목표로 추구하는 행복정책에 대해 논란이 많은 상황에서 행복의 측정 문제, 그리고 현실에서 행복 정책의 추진과 관련된 문제점들에 대하여 정리하고 방향을 모색해 보고자 하였다. 연구는 행복 측정에서 이론과 현실, 행복 측정의 어려움에 대해 논의하고, 행복에 대한 과학적 연구와 이의 문제점, 실행에 있어서의 문제들을 정리한 후, 이에 기반하여 신중한 접근의 필요성과 거버넌스와 정책수단에 대한 논의를 통해 대안을 모색해 보았다. 연구는 먼저 행복을 하나의 유일한 기준으로 하여 정책을 평가하는 것을 보편적으로 받아들이기는 어려우며, 둘째, 행복을 증진시키기 위해 정책적으로 의미 있는 직접적인 결정요인을 찾기 보다는 행복에 대한 많은 연구들이 공통적으로 찾아낸 사회적 수준에서의 요인들이 행복과의 관계에서 지니는 의미에 집중할 필요가 있다고 하고 있다. 셋째, 국가나 정부가 행복과 관련된 모든 문제를 통제하고 해결하려고 하기보다는 국제기구나 민간부문, 연구기관 등이 협력할 수 있는 제도영역을 만들고 이를 맥락에 맞게 유연하게 운영하는 메타 거버너로서의 역할을 해야 하며, 넷째, 정책수단으로 넛지 방식과 숙고 방식의 장점을 결합한 넛지 플러스(nudge plus)의 개념을 대안으로 고려해야 한다고 주장한다.

Abstract

This study aimed to clarify and explore directions for addressing problems and controversies related to happiness policies, which have the pursuit of happiness as their ultimate goal. It discusses the theoretical and practical aspects of measuring happiness, the challenges involved in such measurement, the scientific research conducted on happiness and its inherent issues, as well as implementation difficulties. First, the study argues that it is challenging to universally accept the evaluation of policies based on happiness as a unique, singular criterion. Secondly, rather than seeking direct, policy-relevant determinants to promote happiness, the study emphasizes the need to focus on the significance of societal-level factors commonly found in many happiness studies and their relationship with happiness. Thirdly, instead of attempting to control and resolve all problems related to happiness, the government should aim to establish an institutional arena that encourages cooperation among international organizations, the private sector, and research institutions. In doing so, the government should act as a metagovernor, managing this collaboration flexibly according to the specific context. Lastly, as a policy tool, the study advocates for the consideration of the concept of 'nudge plus,' which combines the benefits of nudging and deliberative methods.

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