Analysis of Students' Eye Movement and Understanding Based on the Presentation Methods of Visual Models for Addition and Subtraction Algorithms

Abstract

Addition and subtraction of natural numbers, including carrying and borrowing, areconcepts that are difficult for students to understand; therefore research on the presentationmethod of visual models for effective learning is necessary. This study classified thepresentation methods of visual models into two types through a review of the literatureand analyzed students' eye movements and understanding according to the differencesin presentation methods, in order to explore which visual model presentations are mosteffective for students' attention and understanding. The results of the study confirmedthat students' gaze patterns and understanding differed depending on the visual modelpresentation method, and revealed that a specific presentation method increased students’attention focus and comprehension. Based on these results, this study suggests educationalimplications for improving the design of visual models in textbooks and for enhancing theteaching and learning of addition and subtraction of natural numbers.