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우크라이나 동・서 지역갈등과 주변국가의 역학구조

The East-West Conflict in Ukraine and Structure of Power Relations with the Surrounding Nations

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이 논문은 우크라이나의 동서갈등 원인을 역사발전 과정에서 찾아보고 2004년 대선에서 보여준 동서갈등을 조명코자 한다. 아울러 서방과 러시아가 오렌지혁명 중에 보여준 경쟁관계를 살펴보면서 그들의 의도가 무엇인지 규명한다. 오늘날 러시아와 우크라이나의 관계는 거의 1,000년 전으로 거슬러가며, 타타르족의 침입 이후 각기 다른 정체성을 가진 러시아와 우크라이나가 나타나기 시작하였다. 우크라이나의 동쪽은 인종적으로 러시아인이 대규모로 운집해 있고 동방정교회가 주류를 이루게 된 반면, 서쪽은 대부분 우크라이나인으로서 다른 어떤 지역보다 더 오래 동안 유럽 공동체의 일원으로 간주되어 왔다. 이렇게 두 쪽으로 나누어진 나라는 2004년 대선 기간 내내 진통을 겪어야 했고, 러시아와 서방의 평화로운 대리전쟁인 오렌지혁명은 서방의 판정승으로 막을 내렸다. 서방은 우크라이나를 NATO의 확장을 위한 제도적 유기체로 만들려 하고, 러시아는 포스트 소비에트 공간을 주도할 수 있는 중요한 변수가 되기 위해 대우크라이나 전략을 짜고 있다.

Abstract

This paper examines the origin of the conflict between East and West in Ukraine in the course of historical events and the presidential elections in 2004. And it deals with the rival relationship between the Western and Russia during the Orange Revolution, and their intentions. The relations between what is now Russia and Ukraine go back almost a millennium ago. After the invasion of Tatars, Kievan Rus' broke apart into rivaling principalities, and the different Russian and Ukrainian identities began to emerge. In the 17th century, Ukrainians fought for independence against the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, finally turning to Russia for assistance. Later, Ukrainian territories were divided between the Russian and Polish kingdom, East and West. Ukraine's eastern part ended up with a large ethnic Russian population and Eastern Orthodox Church. Ukraine's western part is mostly Ukrainian, and has been part of the European community longer than other regions of the country. This division of the country into two parts played itself out in the round of the presidential elections in 2004. Roughly the entire eastern portion of the state voted for Yanukovych. The western portion of the country, including its capital, voted for Yushchenko. In addition, Russia's involvement in the election was more direct and heavily on the side of prime minister Yanukovych. Activists in the Orange Revolution were funded and trained in tactics by the Western. Finally, the Orange Revolution - a peaceful proxy war between the Western and Russia was ended by the victory of the West. The Western should anchor Ukraine in Euro-Atlantic structures, and the institutional mechanism to achieve this would be support for NATO accession. In doing so, the West needs to take Russian security concerns seriously. Russia should base its relations with Ukraine to remain an important actor for shaping the post-Soviet space.

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