Grammatical Dative Subjects and Subject-like Dative NPs in Russian
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Russian has a variety of constructions that have been called “Dative Subjects”. In this article they are surveyed and evaluated as “grammatical subjects” or “psychological subjects”. The notion of grammatical subject is given a formal definition as an NP in the Nominative case occupying the position of [NP, S] or [Spec, IP] (depending upon the syntactic theory used). A psychological subject is the most prominent argument in the predicate on an axis of semantic prominence. It is argued that only the Dative NP subject of an infinitival clause is truly a grammatical subject in this sense. Other subject-like Dative NPs, including most crucially the subjects of modal predicates and of derived reflexive verbs, are argued to be VP-internal constituents assigned the Dative case there and fronted because of their prominence on the semantic axis (and typically on the pragmatic axis of theme/rheme as well). In the vast majority of Russian sentences the grammatical subject and the psychological subject coincide, but when they conflict, it is argued that it is the psychological subject which regularly takes on the morphosyntactic properties which are commonly associated with the unitary concept of “subject” in Russian.
Abstract
Russian has a variety of constructions that have been called “Dative Subjects”. In this article they are surveyed and evaluated as “grammatical subjects” or “psychological subjects”. The notion of grammatical subject is given a formal definition as an NP in the Nominative case occupying the position of [NP, S] or [Spec, IP] (depending upon the syntactic theory used). A psychological subject is the most prominent argument in the predicate on an axis of semantic prominence. It is argued that only the Dative NP subject of an infinitival clause is truly a grammatical subject in this sense. Other subject-like Dative NPs, including most crucially the subjects of modal predicates and of derived reflexive verbs, are argued to be VP-internal constituents assigned the Dative case there and fronted because of their prominence on the semantic axis (and typically on the pragmatic axis of theme/rheme as well). In the vast majority of Russian sentences the grammatical subject and the psychological subject coincide, but when they conflict, it is argued that it is the psychological subject which regularly takes on the morphosyntactic properties which are commonly associated with the unitary concept of “subject” in Russian.
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