슬로바키아의 유로존 가입 비용과 편익 - 경제적 수렴을 중심으로 -
Costs and Benefits of Slovakia’s Accession to the Eurozone - Focusing on Economic Convergence -
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초록
슬로바키아는 1993년 독립 이후 국제사회 및 국제기구의 회원이 되기 위한 정책 일환으로 EU 통합을 공식화하고 추구해 왔다. 1995년 블라디미르 메치아르(Vladimír Mečiar) 정부는 확고한 친EU 성향을 유지하는 한편, 적극적 지지 여론에 힘입어 EU 가입을 신청했다. 슬로바키아의 EU 회원국에 수반되는 기대는 소위 “서구 표준” 달성을 위한 것이었다. 특히 경제와 복지 성장뿐만 아니라재정적 보상, 노동시장 개편 및 제도 강화 등이었다. 2004년 EU 가입 이후 2007년 솅겐 조약에가입했고, 2009년에는 유로화 도입을 채택했다. 통합 과정에서 EU가 요구하는 1인당 GDP 수준에도달하지 못했음에도 불구하고 지속적이고 안정적인 경제성장을 가져왔다. 슬로바키아가 EU에 가입이후 평균 수준에 도달하기 위한 노력을 지속해 왔다. 그 결과 슬로바키아가 높은 수준의 상품 수출을유지하고 수출 경제를 유지하고 있는 것도 EU에 가입한 덕분이라 할 수 있다. 반면, 슬로바키아의법적 규제로 인해 발전이 더딘 부분도 존재한다. 따라서 EU의 공통 시장 규칙을 더욱 포괄적으로준수해야 하는 상황에서 가입 성과의 비교는 슬로바키아 경제 미래를 위해 중요한 일이다.
Abstract
Since independence in 1993, Slovakia has formalized and pursued EU integration as part of its policy to become a member of the international community and international organizations. In 1995, the Vladimir Mečiar government maintained a firm pro-EU stance and applied for EU membership thanks to active public support. The expectations accompanying Slovakia’s EU membership were to achieve so-called “Western standards”, especially economic and welfare growth, but also financial compensation, labor market reform and institutional strengthening. After joining the EU in 2004, the country joined the Schengen Agreement in 2007, adopted the introduction of the euro in 2009. Despite failing to reach the per capita GDP level required by the EU during the integration process, it brought about sustained and stable economic growth. Since Slovakia joined the EU, efforts have been made to reach the average level. As a result, it can be said that Slovakia maintains a high level of product exports and maintains an export economy thanks to its accession to the EU. On the other hand, there are some areas where development is slow due to legal regulations in Slovakia. Comparison of accession performance is therefore important for Slovakia’s economic future, given the need for more comprehensive compliance with the EU’s common market rules.
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