슬로바키아의 EU 가입과 경제 성과
Slovakia’s EU Accession and Economic Performance
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초록
중동부 유럽과 소련의 붕괴는 EU에 긍정적 신호도 주었지만, 한편으로는 당황스러운 일이기도하였다. 즉 창조적 파괴라는 평가와 함께 새로운 큰 기회의 장이 될 수 있지만, 동시에 예상하지못한 문제점도 발생할 수 있는 양면적인 사안이기 때문이다. 하지만 지난 기간 동안 중동부 유럽이보여준 경제적 성과는 유럽 전체에 새로운 활력을 주었고 번영과 평화를 다시 촉진할 수 있는 원동력이 되었다. 여전히 중동부 유럽 국가의 등장은 소득이 정체되거나 감소하는 빈곤 문제가 시장 경제와 민주주의에 대한 위협이 될 수도 있다. 그리고 전쟁은 물론 심각한 사회적 불안이나 분쟁이 중동부 유럽에 국한되더라도 대량 이주, 국방비 증가, 투자자의 변화를 통해 서유럽에 피해를 줄 수 있다. 이러한 우려 속에도 슬로바키아는 EU 가입과 더불어 긍정적인 경제 성과를 보여주었고 EU 평균보다 3배 가까운 높은 성장으로 타트라 타이거로 불리기도 하였다. 이런 성과에 대한 객관적인평가가 필요하다. 즉 슬로바키아의 내적 요인이 성장의 주요 원인인지 아니면 EU 가입으로 얻은성과가 더 큰 것인지를 살펴볼 필요가 있다. 이점이 향후 슬로바키아의 성장 가능성을 가늠해 볼수 있는 중요 사안이기 때문이다.
Abstract
The collapse of Central and Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union gave the EU a positive signal, but it was also disconcerting. In other words, it can be a field of new great opportunities along with the evaluation of creative destruction, but at the same time, it is a two-sided event that can cause unexpected problems. However, the economic achievements of Central and Eastern Europe over the past period have given new vitality to the whole of Europe and served as a driving force to promote prosperity and peace again. Still, the emergence of Central and Eastern European countries could pose a threat to the market economy and democracy, with stagnant or declining incomes. And even if serious social unrest or conflict, let alone war, is confined to Central and Eastern Europe, it could damage Western Europe through mass migration, increased defense spending, and shifting investors. Despite these concerns, Slovakia showed positive economic performance after joining the EU and was called the Tatra Tiger because of its high growth rate, which was nearly three times higher than the EU average. An objective evaluation of these achievements is needed. In other words, it is necessary to examine whether Slovakia's internal factors are the main cause of growth or whether the achievements gained from joining the EU are greater. This is because this is an important factor in determining Slovakia's growth potential in the future.
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