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정부신뢰의 선거적 기원: 이명박 집권 중반 시기를 중심으로

Electoral Origin of Government Trust During the Mid-term of Lee Myung-bak Administration

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주제분류정치외교학

초록

정부신뢰의 요인을 탐색한 선행연구들은 민주주의의 핵심 정치과정인 선거가 정부신뢰에 미치는 영향에 대한 고려가 부족했다. 민주주의 사회에서 정부는 선거를 통해 국민으로부터 정통성과 신뢰를 얻는다는 사실에 주목하여, 본 연구는 유권자들의 선거에 대한 경험이 정부신뢰에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 2011년 수집된 아시아바로미터 한국자료를 분석한 결과, 지난 17대 대선과정이 공정하고 자유로웠다고 평가한 유권자들 사이에서 정부신뢰는 높았고, 승자와 패자 사이의 정부신뢰의 차이는 이명박 정부에 대한 정치적 평가에 의해 상쇄되었다. 즉 일부 유권자들 사이에서 공정하지 못한 선거과정을 통해 정부가 선출되었다고 하는 인식은 집권 초기부터 중반을 넘어서까지 정부신뢰에 지속적이고 부정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 반면, 승자와 패자의 정치적 지위에 따른 차이는 선거 이후 일시적으로 영향을 미칠 뿐 다른 정치적 평가에 의해 대체되는 경향을 보인다. 이러한 발견에 기초하여, 저자는 정부신뢰의 연구에 있어서 선거를 포함한 정치과정이 주요한 변수로 고려되어야 하고, 우리나라의 선거가 보다 공정하고 자유로운 수준으로 개선되어야 한다고 주장한다.

Abstract

Prior studies have not considered how elections, as a core process of democracy, influence government trust. Focusing on the fact that a democratic government maintains public legitimacy and trust through elections, this study examined how voters' electoral experiences influence their trust in government. By analyzing the Korean data culled from the Asian Barometer Project in 2011, this study demonstrates that government trust was high among those voters who evaluated the last presidential election as being more fair and free. Moreover, the gap between winning and losing voters' trust in government disappeared due to their political evaluation of the Lee Myung-bak administration. It appears that the negative evaluation of some voters that the Lee administration had been elected through an unfair electoral process had a consistent and enduring effect on government trust until the administration's mid-term. Based on these findings, the author argues that elections should be considered as an important variable to examine in studying government trust and it should be made more fair and free.

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