중국 경제개혁 심화에 내재된 제도적 제약: 영도소조, 혼합소유제, 정치화된 기업지배구조
Embedded Institutional Constraints to Deepening China's Economic Reform: Leading Small Group, Mixed Ownership, and Politicized Corporate Governance
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중국에서 시장의 ‘결정적’ 역할과 ‘공유제 중심’의 경제는 실현 가능할 것인가? 본 논문은 2013년 11월 중국공산당 18기 3중전회를 통해 제시된 중국의 전면심화개혁(全面深化改革) 정책 결정보고에 따른 경제체제개혁을 국유기업개혁을 중심으로 하여 분석한다. 시장의 ‘결정적(决策性)’ 역할이 어떻게 ‘심화개혁 영도소조(深化改革领导小组),’ 공유제 중심의 ‘혼합소유제(混合所有制),’ 그리고 정치화된 ‘기업지배구조(公司治理)’ 등의 내재된 제도적 요인으로 인하여 제한될 것인지를 구체적으로 논의한다. 이를 통해 시장 중심의 경제개혁이 당의 정치경제적 지도력 공고화를 위한 목적으로 추진된다면, 시진핑 시대의 전면적 경제체제개혁 역시 구호에 머물 뿐 제한적 개혁이 될 수밖에 없음을 알 수 있다.
Abstract
How does the China's new leadership accomplish two mutually incompatible goals, such as the market's decisive role and the economy led by the state ownership? This article attempts to analyze China's economic reform policies stemming from the CCP 18th third plenum, particularly focusing on the state-owned enterprises(SOEs) reform. To this ends, the paper examines how the newly suggested ambitious 'deepening reform leading small group' and mixed ownership, as well as the introduction of more market-oriented system of the board of directors would constrain the market's decisive role in the China's economy. As such embedded institutional limits indicate, Xi Jinping leadership's plan for 'the comprehensive deep reform' will once again remain bounded if the market-oriented reforms are pushed mainly aiming to consolidate its political and economic dominance.
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