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반종교개혁 시기로부터 계몽주의 시대까지의 스콜라 학파들 (1) - 잠정적인 지형도 -

Scholastic Schools from the Anti-Reformation to the Enligntenment (1) - A Provisional Cartography -

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철학연구소 (Institute of Philosophilcal Studies SOGANG UNIVERSITY)|2010.05|철학논집 (Sogang Journal of Philosophy)|제21권 |pp. 217-266|DOI 10.17325/sgjp.2010.21..217

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참고문헌

키워드

르네상스the Reformation스콜라주의the EnlightenmentScholasticism반종교개혁초기 근대철학early modern philosophy
주제분류철학

초록

이 논문은 광범위한 스콜라주의 거부로 규정된 초기 근대 철학에 대해 새로운 지형도를 제시한다. 기존 통념의 불가피한 귀결은, 초기 근대에서 스콜라주의가 차지했던 지위가 대부분의 철학사가들에 의해 평가 절하되거나 무시되었다는 것이다. 이 논문은 반종교개혁 시기와 계몽주의 시대 사이의 몇몇 대표적인 스콜라 학파들에 주목한다. 초기 근대 스콜라주의 운동은 로마 가톨릭 교회의 학파들뿐 아니라 이른바 개신교 스콜라 학파들까지도 포함하였다. 이 학파들에 대한 고찰을 통해, 초기 근대 스콜라주의는 17세기와 18세기 철학에서 충분한 역할을 수행한 국제적이고 역동적이며 다원주의적 지적 전통이었음이 분명해진다. 스콜라주의자들은 스콜라적 논변의 패러다임 내에서 새로운 생각과 입장들을 발전시키고, 전통에 근거해서 새로운 생각들을 끈기 있게 고찰하는데 있어서도 당대의 철학에 현저한 기여를 하였다. 따라서 우리는 다음과 같은 결론에 도달할 수 있다. (ⅰ)초기 근대 스콜라주의자들을 그들 자신의 철학적 전통들에 중요한 유산을 남겼다. (ⅱ)‘스콜라주의자’를 자처하는 이들과 소위 ‘근대철학자들’ 사이에는 피상적이지도, 적대적이지도 않은 상호적인 관계가 존재했다.

Abstract

This paper suggests a new cartography of early modern philosophy, which has been defined solely in terms of a comprehensive rejection of scholasticism. The inevitable consequence of the previous consensus is that the status of early modern scholasticism in european modern philosophy has been undervalued or even ignored among most of historians. Contrary to this picture, this paper focuses on some representative scholastic schools of the era between the Counter Reformation and the Enlightenment. The movement of early modern scholasticism covered not only the schools of the Roman Catholic Church but also so-called Protestant scholastic schools. From reflection of theoretical and institutional activities of the schools, it can be shown that early modern scholasticism was an international, vibrant, and pluralistic intellectual tradition that played a full part in seventeenth and eighteenth-century philosophy. The very best scholastic thinkers made a salient contribution to the philosophy of the period not only in their development of new ideas and positions within existing paradigms of scholastic argument, but also in their patient scrutiny of novel ideas by recourse to arguments from authority and an appeal to the weight of tradition. Therefore, we can conclude that (ⅰ) early modern scholastics made an important bequeath to their own philosophical traditions. and (ⅱ) the relation between the professed 'scholastics' and the so-called 'modern philosophers' was neither superficial nor hostile, but reciprocal.

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