청년기와 중년기 성인의 도덕 판단: 인지적 추론과 정서적 직관
Moral Judgments of Young and Middle-aged Adults: Cognitive Reasoning and Emotional Intuition
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본 논문은 Kohlberg(1966, 1968)가 도덕 발달에 필수적인 요건이라고 주장한 인지적 추론 능력의 발달에 더해 Haidt(2001)가 강조한 정서적 직관의 영향을 함께 고려하기 위해, 청년기와 중년기 성인의 도덕 판단을 비교해 보았다. Green 외(2001)가 주장한 도덕 판단의 이중처리 모형에 따르면 정서적 직관과 인지적 추론은 도덕적 딜레마 상황에서 매우 다른 기능을 하는데, 특히 ‘개인적’ 요인과 관련된 상황에서 그렇다. 본 연구는 인간의 인지 능력이 초기 20년 동안 주로 발달하는 반면, 정서적 직관이 사회적 경험의 축적에 따라 보다 서서히 발달한다는 것에 근거해 이루어졌다. 24개의 도덕적 딜레마 상황이 두 연령 집단(청년 성인 M=22.17, 중년 성인 M=44.58)에 제시되었고, 참가자의 결정이 적합한지 아닌지를 물었다. 중년 집단은 청년 집단에 비해 유의하게 덜 적합하다고 반응했고, 특히 딜레마가 개인적 요인과 관련되어 있을 때 더욱 그러했다. 이러한 결과는 중년 집단의 정서적 직관이 도덕적 성숙을 반영하는 것으로 해석된다.
Abstract
According to Green et al.(2001, 2004)’s Dual Process Model on moral judgment, emotional intuition and cognitive reasoning play quite different roles in moral dilemma situations, especially in situations involving ‘personal’-‘impersonal’ factor. This study was based on the ideas that emotional intuition develops through life span as a function of accumulation of social experiences and that cognitive ability reaches its asymptote at early twenties. Twenty four moral dilemma situations were presented to the two age groups(young adult group; M= 22.17 and middle-age group; M = 44.58), who decided whether the protagonists’ decisions were appropriate or not. The middle-age group showed significantly less ‘appropriate’ responses to the decisions of the protagonists in the dilemmas especially when the dilemmas involved the personal factor than those of young adult group. This result was interpreted as showing that emotional intuition of middle-age group reflects moral maturity. Future direction of research and limitations of this study were discussed in the final section.
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