평가 피드백, 공격 대상의 사회적 지위 및 익명성이 전위된 공격행동에 미치는 영향
Effects of Evaluation Feedback, Social Status of the Target and Anonymity on Displaced Aggression
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이 연구의 목적은 중립적(또는 평균적)이거나 부정적인 평가 피드백을 받은 상황에서(즉, 부정적인 평가 피드백 조건에서는 공격행동이 유발될 수 있음) 이러한 평가를 한 사람이 가용하지 않고 무고한 대상이 존재할 때, 이 대상의 사회적 지위와 상황의 익명성 여부에 따라 전위된 공격행동이 어떻게 나타나는지를 살펴보고자 하는 것이었다. 대학생 155명이 2(평가 피드백: 중립적/부정적) × 2(공격대상의 사회적 지위: 낮음/높음) × 2(익명성: 있음/없음) 피험자 간 설계에 무선적으로 할당되었다. 평가 피드백은 참가자가 실험 2주전에 제출한 에세이에 대해 같은 대학의 대학원생이 평가했다고 알려주면서 평가점수를 평균적이거나(80점) 부정적인 점수(60점)로 거짓 피드백 해 줌으로써 조작하였다. 그 후, 다른 주제에 대해 작성된 타인의 에세이에 대해 평가할 기회를 제공하면서 글의 작성자를 같은 대학의 교수 또는 학생으로 알려주어 공격대상의 사회적 지위를 높거나 낮게 조작하였다. 익명성은 참가자가 타인의 에세이에 대한 평가 점수를 기록하는 용지에 자신의 이름을 적게 하거나 적지 않고 비밀로 하게 하는 방식으로 조작하였다. 실험 결과, 평가 피드백과 사회적 지위 변인간의 2원 상호작용이 유의했는데 이는 참가자들이 부정적 평가 피드백을 받았을 때에만 지위가 높은 공격대상보다 지위가 낮은 공격대상에게 더 큰 전위된 공격행동을 보인다는 것을 나타내 주었다. 평가 피드백과 익명성 간의 유의한 2원 상호작용도 참가자들이 부정적 평가 피드백을 받았을 때에만 익명성이 보장되지 않은 상황보다 익명성이 보장된 상황에서 더 큰 전위된 공격행동을 보인다는 것을 보여 주었다. 본 연구의 의의, 제한점 및 추후 연구에 대한 시사점이 논의에서 다루어졌다.
Abstract
The purpose of this experimental study was to examine the effects of evaluation feedback, status of aggression target and aggressor's anonymity on displaced aggression. The evaluation feedback was manipulated by providing a fake neutral or negative feedback on participants' own essay regardless of the excellence of their writings. The status of aggression target was manipulated by giving fictitious name and status (professor or student) of the writer of the essay which was supposed to be evaluated by participants. Anonymity was manipulated by having participants to write down their name on the evaluation material or having participants not to give any information about them. The ANOVA results of the study(N=149) revealed the significant main effects of the evaluation feedback and social status of the target. That is, participants who had the negative feedback showed significantly higher displaced aggression than participants who had the neutral feedback. Also, participants showed significantly higher displaced aggression on the target who had low social status than high social status. Two significant 2-way interaction effect of the evaluation feedback × social status of the target and the evaluation feedback × anonymity were found. That is, participants showed higher displaced aggression on the low status target than the high status target only when they received negative evaluation feedback. Also, participants showed higher displaced aggression when they considered the situation as anonymous than the situation was not anonymous and this was true only when they received negative evaluation feedback. Limitations of the study and implications for the future study were discussed.
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