인지적 정서조절 방략과 촉발사건이 전위된 공격성에 미치는 영향
Effects of Cognitive Emotional Regulation Strategies and Triggering Event on Displaced Aggression
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본 연구의 목적은 부정적인 평가 피드백을 받는 좌절상황에서 인지적 정서조절방략(반추/인지적 재평가/주의전환)의 처치와 촉발사건의수준이 전위된 공격성에 미치는 영향을 실험 연구를 통해 검증하는 것이다. 이를 위해 대학생 참가자(114명)는 본인이 작성한 에세이에 대한 부정적인 평가 결과를 받음으로써 좌절상황을 경험하게 되고, 인지적 정서조절방략(반추/인지적 재평가/주의전환), 촉발자극(있음/없음)조건으로 무선 할당된다. 이후 참가자에게 부정적 평가로 좌절을 경험하게 한 다른 참가자(촉발 자극 있음/없음 제공자)가 풀게 될 문제난이도를 정하도록 하였다. 이때 얼마나 많은 고난이도 문제를 선택하는지에 따라 전위된 공격성의 정도를 측정하였다. 분석 결과, 세 가지의 인지적 정서조절방략에서 촉발사건 ‘없음’ 조건보다 촉발사건 ‘있음’ 조건에서 전위된 공격성이 높았고, 반추가 인지적 재평가, 주의전환보다 전위된 공격성이 높게 나타났다. 특히, 사소한 수준의 촉발사건을 경험한 조건에서, 인지적 재평가와 주의전환은 반추보다 더 낮은 수준의 전위된 공격성이 나타나, 인지적 정서조절 방략과 촉발사건 간의 상호작용 효과가 확인되었다. 그리고 반추가 인지적 재평가와 주의전환보다 유의하게 높은 전위된 공격성을 보였고, 인지적 재평가와 주의 전환 간에는 전위된 공격성에 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 끝으로 전위된 공격성에 대한 시사점과 연구 방향이 논의되었다.
Abstract
The aim of the present experimental study was to examine the effects of cognitive emotional regulation strategies (rumination, cognitive reappraisal, distraction) and triggering event on displaced aggression. The participants (n=114) was manipulated by providing a fake negative feedback on participant’s own essay regardless of the excellence of their writings. Next, participants were randomly assignment to one of the following groups: rumination, cognitive reappraisal, distraction. Then manipulated by the presence or absence of triggering event. Finally, displaced aggression was assessed by an opportunity to harm another person’s (given the triggering event) chance to earn money, allowing aggressiveness to be operationalized through the assignment of more difficult problems to another person. ANOVA results of the study (n=81) revealed the significant main effects of cognitive emotional regulation strategy and triggering event, as well as interaction effect of cognitive emotional regulation strategy and triggering event was significant. That is, Participants in the rumination group expressed higher displaced aggression than those in the cognitive reappraisal and distraction groups when they experiencing the triggering event. And there was no significant difference between cognitive reappraisal and distraction groups. The limitations of the study and implications for future research are discussed.
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