권력욕구가 과업수행에 미치는 영향에서 인상관리전략의 매개효과와 자기효능감의 조절효과
The Effect of Need for Power on Task Performance: The Mediating Effects of Impression Management Tactics and The Moderating Effects of Self-efficacy
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초록
본 연구의 목적은 인상관리 전략을 통해 권력욕구가 과업수행에 미치는 영향을 검증하는 데 있다. 구체적으로 첫째, 권력욕구와 인상관리 다섯 가지 전략인 환심사기, 자기홍보, 모범보이기, 위협, 간청 간의 관계를 살펴보고 둘째, 인상관리 전략이 과업수행에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 셋째, 권력욕구가 인상관리 전략을 통해 과업수행에 미치는 매개효과를 검증하였다. 마지막으로 부정적 이미지를 사용하는 인상관리 전략인 위협 및 간청 전략과 권력욕구 간 관계를 조절하는 변인으로 자기효능감의 조절효과를 검증하였다. 이를 위해 국내 다양한 기업에 종사하고 있는 직장인 213명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 공통방법 편파를 제거하기 위해 과업수행을 타인평정으로 수집하였기 때문에 자기평정 자료만 수집된 설문지를 제외하고 총 165부를 분석에 사용하였다. 연구결과, 권력욕구는 환심사기, 자기홍보, 모범보이기, 위협과 정적인 관련이 있었다. 인상관리전략 중 모범보이기는 과업수행과 정적인 관련이 있었고 자기홍보와 간청은 과업수행과 부적인 관련이 있었다. 자기홍보와 모범보이기는 권력욕구와 과업수행 간 관계를 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 자기효능감은 권력욕구와 위협, 권력욕구와 간청 간의 관계를 조절하는 것으로 나타나서 자기효능감은 권력욕구와 위협 및 간청 간의 관계를 약화시키는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구의 학문적 의의, 실무적 의의, 제한점 및 향후 연구방향에 대해 논의하였다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among need for power, impression management tactics, and task performance. First, this study investigated the influence of need for power on impression management tactics such as ingratiation, self promotion, exemplification, intimidation, and supplication. Second, this study examined the effect of impression management tactics on task performance. Third, this study testified the mediating effect of impression management tactic in the relationship between need for power and task performance. Finally, we investigated the moderating effect of self-efficacy in the relationship between need for power and intimidation and supplication tactics. Data were collected from 165 Korean employees who were working in various organizations by using the survey questionnaire. Task performance was measured by the respondent’s colleague, superior or subordinate at work to remove common method bias. It was found that the need for power was positively related with ingratiation, self promotion, exemplification, and intimidation. Among impression management tactics, the exemplification was positively related with task performance, and the self promotion and supplication were negatively related with task performance. The self promotion and exemplification mediated the relationship between the need for power and task performance. Finally, the self- efficacy moderated the relationship between need for power and intimidation, and need for power and supplication. Specifically, when the self-efficacy was high, the relationship between the need for power and intimidation was weak. The same result was found in the relationship between the need for power and supplication. Based on these results, implications of this study and the direction for future research were discussed.
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