미디어 제도의 이식과 정착: 전후 독일의 공영방송제도를 중심으로
Transplantation and Settlement of Media Systems : Focusing on the public service broadcasting system of post-war Germany
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본 연구는 전후 독일의 공영제도를 중심으로 미디어 제도의 이식과 정착 과정을 분석하는 것이다. 첫째, 독일은 앵글로색슨의 자유주의적 다원주의와는 다르게 조합주의적 다원주의 모델을 지니고 있다. 둘째, 방송정책결정의 최고기구인 방송평의회는 정당과 시민이 함께하는 독일식 조합주의에 근거를 두고 있다. 셋째, BBC는 중앙독점방식을 채택하여 ‘지역’이 없거나 미약하지만, 독일의 공영방송은 지역분권 모델을 채택하였다. 넷째, 독일의 정치인을 포함한 독일인들은 방송제도의 정착에서 독일적인 요구를 관철하기 위해 노력하였다. 반면 한국은 해방 이후 방송제도의 민주화보다는 ‘냉전체제에서 반공의 보루’ 역할만 강요받았다.
Abstract
This study analyzes the transplantation and settlement process of the media system, focusing on the public service system of post-war Germany. First, Germany has a corporatist pluralism model unlike the Anglo-Saxon liberal pluralism. Second, the Broadcasting Council, the supreme body for decision-making on broadcasting policy, is based on German-style corporatism in which political parties and citizens coexist. Third, the BBC adopts a centralized monopoly method, so there is no or weak ‘region’, but German public service broadcasting adopts a decentralization model. Fourth, German People, including German politicians, made efforts to fulfill German demands in the settlement of the broadcasting system. On the other hand, after liberation, Korea was only forced to play the role of an anti-communist bulwark in the Cold War system rather than democratizing the broadcasting system.
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