청년층의 일-가족 궤적과 부모의 사회경제적 지위와의 연관성에 관한 탐색적 연구
The Association between Work-Family Trajectories of Young South Koreans and Parental Socioeconomic Status
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본 연구는 부모의 사회경제적 지위에 따라 청년기에 직면하는 복합적 불평등의 양상과 추이를 알아보기 위해 1~23차년도 한국노동패널조사를 활용하여 1970년에서 1985년 사이에 태어난 남성(N=4,028)과 여성(N=4,056)의 일-가족 궤적을 유형화하고, 부모의 사회경제적 지위와의 연관성을 성별 및 출생 코호트별로 비교·분석하였다. 분석에는 다채널 배열분석이 이용되었다. 주요 분석 결과는 청년기 일-가족 궤적이 남성은 일과 가족 영역의 불안정성·불확실성이 모두 높거나 낮은 유형으로, 여성은 일과 가족 영역 모두 안정성이 높거나 일 영역 또는 일과 가족 영역 모두 불안정성·불확실성이 높은 유형으로 분류된다는 것을 보여준다. 또한, 부모의 사회경제적 지위가 상대적으로 낮은 청년 남녀는 제한된 가족 형성 기회, 높은 가족 해체 위험과 상호 연계되는 불안정한 노동 경력에 갇히거나 일-가족 이행 전반이 지체되는 등 불안정성·불확실성이 높은 일-가족 궤적을 구성하는 경향이 강했는데, 특히 여성은 최근 코호트들에서 이러한 경향이 강화되었음이 관찰되었다. 따라서, 부모의 사 회경제적 지위가 청년기 일-가족 이행의 (불)안정성·(불)확실성에 영향을 미쳐 생애과정의 불평등과 계층화가 심화될 우려가 있으므로, 현 청년 정책이 실효성 있게 개편되어 시행되어야 하겠다.
Abstract
This study examines the types of work-family trajectories of South Korean men (N=4,028) and women (N=4,056) born between 1970 and 1985 and their association with parental socioeconomic status by gender and birth cohort, using the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study (Waves 1-23) and employing multichannel sequence analysis. The main results show that men’s work-family trajectories are classified as either having stability in both the work and family domains or not, and women’s are categorized as having stability in both domains, only in the family domain, or neither. In addition, young adults with low parental socioeconomic status are more likely to construct work-family pathways with high instability and uncertainty, and this tendency was reinforced for women in the recent cohorts. As parental socioeconomic status affects the instability of adult children’s work-family pathways and thus life-course inequality and stratification can deepen, the current youth policies should be reformed effectively.
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