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해적행위에 대한 보편적 관할권의 한계와 집행력 제고방안

A Study on the Limitations of Universal Jurisdiction over Piracy and the Effective Implementation Thereof

이동현|최수정
한국해양수산개발원 (Korea Maritime Institute)|2011.06|해양정책연구 (Ocean Policy Research)|제26권 제1호|pp. 101-126|DOI 10.35372/kmiopr.2011.26.1.004

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piracyuniversal jurisdictionnulla poena sine legeaut dedre aut judicareinternational courtprosecution of universal jurisdiction
주제분류해상운송학

초록

This study aims to review the limitations of universal jurisdiction over the crime of piracy which is stipulated vividly in the Convention on the Law of the Sea. Universal jurisdiction of piracy as an international customary law is recognized as a fugitive norm rather than compulsory norm like those of serious crimes, war crimes, crimes of humanity, and so on. In particular, most of pirates arrested of late in the area of Somalia were released over 90% without any imprisonment or any prosecution by patrolling and capturing states. There are neither compulsory obligation to punish the perpetrators to states patrolling the seas, nor sufficient capacity for them to depress the activities of piracy. For these reasons UN Security Council recognized the seriousness of the piracy in respect of international peace and security, therefore it produced several resolutions to waive the coastal jurisdiction of Somalia in the territorial seas for some periods and requested to establish a court to prosecute mainly somali pirates. In this wake, UN urged states to criminalize the piracy in their national legislations and penalize them in their jurisdictions. In Korea, we are conducting a trial over 5 piracy offenders of “The Samho Jewelry” in the Gulf of Aden. We need to make up our system of piracy prosecution according to the principle of legality(“nulla poena sine lege”) when we intend to exercise the universal jurisdiction in line with international development of piracy regulations.

Abstract

This study aims to review the limitations of universal jurisdiction over the crime of piracy which is stipulated vividly in the Convention on the Law of the Sea. Universal jurisdiction of piracy as an international customary law is recognized as a fugitive norm rather than compulsory norm like those of serious crimes, war crimes, crimes of humanity, and so on. In particular, most of pirates arrested of late in the area of Somalia were released over 90% without any imprisonment or any prosecution by patrolling and capturing states. There are neither compulsory obligation to punish the perpetrators to states patrolling the seas, nor sufficient capacity for them to depress the activities of piracy. For these reasons UN Security Council recognized the seriousness of the piracy in respect of international peace and security, therefore it produced several resolutions to waive the coastal jurisdiction of Somalia in the territorial seas for some periods and requested to establish a court to prosecute mainly somali pirates. In this wake, UN urged states to criminalize the piracy in their national legislations and penalize them in their jurisdictions. In Korea, we are conducting a trial over 5 piracy offenders of “The Samho Jewelry” in the Gulf of Aden. We need to make up our system of piracy prosecution according to the principle of legality(“nulla poena sine lege”) when we intend to exercise the universal jurisdiction in line with international development of piracy regulations.

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