Outdoor Riding, Self-determination theory, self-presentation, recreation specialization
Comparison of Functional Fitness and Psychological Well-Being among Older Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic according to Exercise Environment
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The COVID-19 pandemic has had substantial economic, social, cultural, and healthcare impacts globally. Older adults are particularly vulnerable to infectious diseases and required alternatives for health promotion strategies during the pandemic. This study compared the effects of face-to-face and online untact exercise environments on functional fitness and psychological well-being among older men during the pandemic to identify physical activity environments that benefit health promotion in this population. This study found statistically significant differences in the interaction effect of exercise environment and time on functional fitness indicators, such as upper and lower limb flexibility and agility. Moreover, the interaction effect of exercise environment and time showed statistically significant differences in depression and life satisfaction, a measure of psychological well-being. Finally, a face-to-face exercise environment, rather than an untact exercise environment, positively impacted physical fitness and psychological well-being among the older male participants. The results of the study suggest that face-to-face exercise environments should be implemented for older adults to maintain and improve their health through effective physical activity under pandemic conditions. While untact exercise environments may be essential during pandemics, face-to-face exercise environments provide the benefits of social interaction and direct feedback, which can promote physical and psychological health.
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had substantial economic, social, cultural, and healthcare impacts globally. Older adults are particularly vulnerable to infectious diseases and required alternatives for health promotion strategies during the pandemic. This study compared the effects of face-to-face and online untact exercise environments on functional fitness and psychological well-being among older men during the pandemic to identify physical activity environments that benefit health promotion in this population. This study found statistically significant differences in the interaction effect of exercise environment and time on functional fitness indicators, such as upper and lower limb flexibility and agility. Moreover, the interaction effect of exercise environment and time showed statistically significant differences in depression and life satisfaction, a measure of psychological well-being. Finally, a face-to-face exercise environment, rather than an untact exercise environment, positively impacted physical fitness and psychological well-being among the older male participants. The results of the study suggest that face-to-face exercise environments should be implemented for older adults to maintain and improve their health through effective physical activity under pandemic conditions. While untact exercise environments may be essential during pandemics, face-to-face exercise environments provide the benefits of social interaction and direct feedback, which can promote physical and psychological health.