인공자궁에 대한 페미니즘 담론 연구
A Study on the Feministic Discours of “artificial womb”
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In whose womb will modified embryo be grown? This question is a realistic challenge for women and men in the 21st century. And the social and psychological impacts that its solutions can cause have become a big issue. The development of birth technology will change birth environment. As a matter of fact, an artificial womb, unlike other artificial organs, will give an important cultural, social, and psychological repercussions, causing many animated controversies concerning its ethical desirability, and forcing old questions about femininity and motherhood to arise again in a new context. However, strangely, such hot-heated debates did not enter into the area of academic discourse. This paper has is an attempt to fill such a discursive gap and then to situate artificial womb controversies in the ecofeminist perspective. Current feminist debates can be categorized into two conflicting positions. In one hand, there is an optimistic outlook that the development of biotechnology will give benefit to female infertility and women's liberation. On the other hand, there is a pessimistic view that it will deprive women of birth ability, subjugate women, and cause a big social chaos. After reviewing these two conflicting positions, I will investigate into the ethical dimension of the artificial womb only in order to emphasize that feminist issues cannot be separated from ethics, especially the ethics of embodiment not based on mind and body opposition. I argue that the idea of the artificial womb cannot be imagined without the metaphysical tradition of mind and body split. If the mind can be without/outside the body, the embryo can be without/outside mother's womb. I conclude this paper with the suggestion that the artificial womb controversies be relocated in and reconsidered from the ecological embodiment feminist ethics with its emphasis on the bodily relationship between the mother and the child.
Abstract
In whose womb will modified embryo be grown? This question is a realistic challenge for women and men in the 21st century. And the social and psychological impacts that its solutions can cause have become a big issue. The development of birth technology will change birth environment. As a matter of fact, an artificial womb, unlike other artificial organs, will give an important cultural, social, and psychological repercussions, causing many animated controversies concerning its ethical desirability, and forcing old questions about femininity and motherhood to arise again in a new context. However, strangely, such hot-heated debates did not enter into the area of academic discourse. This paper has is an attempt to fill such a discursive gap and then to situate artificial womb controversies in the ecofeminist perspective. Current feminist debates can be categorized into two conflicting positions. In one hand, there is an optimistic outlook that the development of biotechnology will give benefit to female infertility and women's liberation. On the other hand, there is a pessimistic view that it will deprive women of birth ability, subjugate women, and cause a big social chaos. After reviewing these two conflicting positions, I will investigate into the ethical dimension of the artificial womb only in order to emphasize that feminist issues cannot be separated from ethics, especially the ethics of embodiment not based on mind and body opposition. I argue that the idea of the artificial womb cannot be imagined without the metaphysical tradition of mind and body split. If the mind can be without/outside the body, the embryo can be without/outside mother's womb. I conclude this paper with the suggestion that the artificial womb controversies be relocated in and reconsidered from the ecological embodiment feminist ethics with its emphasis on the bodily relationship between the mother and the child.
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