19세기 한․중 교통로와 중간 핵심거점 심양의 역할 변화

Abstract

The basic characteristic of the main traffic route between the Joseon and Qing Dynasties during the Qing Period was by way of Shenyang as the crossroads to Manchuria. In this respect, this essay refers to the Route of Seoul- Shenyang-Beijing as the Three-Capitol Belt(三京幹線). Seoul, Shenyang and Beijing were the capitols of the State or national-wide central cities at the time. After the Manchus entered through the gates of the Great Wall, Manchuria in and around Shenyang fell into disrepair. However, as the Qing Empire stablized, Manchuria rose to the status of central city and took the role as the main traffic route between the Joseon and Qing Dynasties. The status and role of Shenyang has changed since the end of the 19th century. This is an effect of the modern industrial civilization represented by the railroad and steamer. After Yingkou(營口) opened under pressure of Western forces, it was booming in exports such as beans. But Yingkou soon has waned under competition with Dalian(大連). Shenyang has to compete with other large cities of Manchuria, but still maintains its dominant status and role thanks to such factor as its geographic advantage as the traffic center in Manchuria, its economic scale, and its industrial productivity. Several complex factors contributed to the change and dissolution of the Three-Capital Belt. The mass influx of population was crucial to the development of Shenyang during the Qing period. In particular, these phenomena helped clear up the Liaoze marsh(遼澤), the natural barrier and buffer zone of Liaoxi(遼西) and Liaodong(遼東). The dissolution of the Liaoze marsh(遼澤) could be interpreted as a factor that strengthen ties and connections of the Inland and Manchuria. However, its effects were various, creating a vacuum through which Shenyang could strengthen its independence, pulling Russia and Japan forces to it.