『중국구해관사료』에 반영된 영구(營口)와 조선 무역의 성격

Abstract

According to Newchuang Maritime Customs’ record in Chinese Maritime Customs’ Historical Materials, this paper investigates the trade between Newchuang and Joseon from the view of China-Joseon maritime trade networks of modern times. The trade between Newchuang and Joseon has three stages: its emergence, the development and the decline. Due to Newchuang’s geographical specificity, Newchuang port was imposed to limit its trade in several aspects. However, thanks to these limitations, Newchuang port forms its own characteristics: firstly, Newchuang joins into China-Joseon maritime networks very late and its shipping conditions are limited; second, direct trade is main portion in the trade between Newchuang and Joseon while transit trade is rare. Third, Newchuang has an enormous trade surplus with Joseon and it plays a key role in importing Joseon’s goods. Though Newchuang’s geographical specificity limits its maritime trade with Joseon, the specificity promotes the exportation of Korean ginseng. Newchuang imports Korean ginseng from Joseon and then re-exports them as native goods. This procedure not only promotes the connection of overland commerce and Chinese coastal commerce but also combines traditional trade format and modern trade format. The trade between Newchuang and Joseon accelerates Joseon to join into Chinese market and the exportation of Korean ginseng also push Joseon into the world’ s trade market. With the Sino-Japanese war beginning, the export amount of Korean ginseng declined, implying the end of China-Joseon traditional trade.