CSR에서의 동료효과(peer effect)와 재무적 제약의 조절효과에 관한 연구
Peer Effects in CSR Engagement and the Moderating Role of Financial Constraints
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초록
최근 기업의 사회적 책임(Corporate Social Responsibility, 이하 CSR) 활동은 지속가능한 성장을 위해 중요한 경쟁우위의 원천 중 하나로 인식되고 있지만, 법으로 의무화되어있지 않은 자발적 투자이다. 그래서 CSR에 투자하는 유인에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고있지만, 의사결정에 경쟁 관계에 있는 동료기업의 CSR 수준이 영향을 미칠 수 있다는사실은 간과되고 있다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 기업의 사회적 책임(CSR) 활동에서의동료효과(peer effect)와 재무적 제약의 조절효과에 대해서 살펴보고 있다. 실증검증에사용된 표본은 1999년부터 2016년까지 미국 주식시장에 상장된 기업들이며, 최종 표본은10,675 기업-연도이다. 연구 결과에 따르면 전년도 동일 산업내 경쟁기업의 CSR 활동과당해기업의 CSR 활동 간에 양의 상관관계가 나타남에 따라, 동료기업의 CSR 활동이증가할수록 CSR 활동에 대한 투자를 늘리는 동료효과가 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 재무적 제약이 있는 기업의 경우에는 투자자원이 부족한 기업은 사회적 책임에 대한 투자가 활발히 진행되지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과는 CSR 투자에 대한 의사결정에 동료기업의 CSR 수준이 반영된다는 동료효과를 실증함으로써 기업이 CSR에 투자하는 유인에 대한 선행연구에 기여하고 있다.
Abstract
Although engagement in corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities is perceived to be a meaningful source of competitive advantage that is necessary for sustainable growth, it is a voluntary investment that is not required by law. As a result, prior literature has investigated various antecedents of CSR engagement. There, however, lacks a consideration of how competitors’ CSR can also impact the decision to allocate resources to socially responsible initatives. To fill this gap in the literature, this paper examines peer effects in CSR engagement decisions and the moderating role of financial constraints. Using a sample of 10,675 firm-year observations from publicly listed U.S. firms between 1999 and 2016, we find that the level of CSR engagement of a focal firm is positively associated with that of peer firms within the same industry. At the same time, we find that managers in firms with weaker financial conditions are less likely to to be influenced by peer effects in their CSR engagement decisions. Our research findings contribute to the CSR literature by finding evidence of peer effects that serve as an antecedent of CSR engagement.
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