천연 우황의 실험연구 현황에 대한 주제범위 문헌고찰

Abstract

Objectives: This scoping review aimed to evaluate the pharmacological mechanisms, efficacy, and safety of natural Calculus Bovis, a gallstone derived from Bos taurus. The goal was to provide evidence supporting its clinical use and to inform the assessment of synthetic and alternative formulations. Methods: Eight databases, including MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, CNKI, CiNii, KCI, RISS, and OASIS, were searched until September 1, 2025. Selected studies included in vivo and in vitro experiments that utilized natural Calculus Bovis as a sole intervention from the year 2000 onward. Studies involving mixed formulations or synthetic derivatives were excluded. Data were independently screened and extracted by two reviewers. Results: Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria, predominantly consisting of animal and cellular experiments focused on models of liver injury, cancer, and hypertension. The key effects of natural Calculus Bovis included antioxidation, detoxification, neuroprotection, anti-inflammatory, and antihypertensive actions. The mechanisms involved pathways such as Nrf2-ARE, PI3K/Akt, and Wnt/β -catenin. The safety profiles were favorable, showing no significant adverse effects. Conclusions: Natural Calculus Bovis demonstrates a range of pharmacological effects pertinent to oxidative stress, cancer, and neurological conditions. Further comparative studies with synthetic analogues are needed to strengthen clinical applications and ensure safety.