헤르만 바빙크의 일반은혜론: 칼빈과의 관계를 중심으로
Herman Bavinck’s Appropriation of John Calvin in His Doctrine of Common Grace
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헤르만 바빙크(1854-1921)는 여러 작품에서 일반은혜론을 다루었다. 특히 『개혁교의학』, 『일반은혜』, “칼빈과 일반은혜”에 그의 일반은혜론이 분명하게 기술된다. 바빙크의 일반은혜론은 다음과 같은 두 가지 지점에서 칼빈의 사상을 전유한다. 첫째, 일반은혜는 특별은혜의 배경과 예비가 된다는 점이다. 바빙크는 칼빈을 직접 인용하면서 일반은혜와 특별은혜의 연결성을 강조한다. 둘째, 자연과 초자연의 이원론이 극복된다는 점이다. 바빙크에 따르면, 칼빈은 다른 종교개혁자들 가령 루터나 츠빙글리보다 더 철저하게 자연과 초자연의 이원론을 극복한 신학자이다. 바빙크는 이러한 칼빈의 특징을 일반은혜론에 적용한다. 바빙크의 일반은혜론이 고유하게 가진 특징은 그것의 삼위일체론적 성격에 있다. 바빙크는 일반은혜의 근거를 성부께 두지만, 역사 속에서 일반은혜가 작용하는 방식을 삼위일체적으로 기술한다. 이 점에 있어서 바빙크는 칼빈보다 더욱 철저하며 일관성이 있으며, 이는 그가 보다 건실한 일반은혜론을 제시할 수 있었던 토대가 된다.
Abstract
Herman Bavinck (1854-1921) dealt with the doctrine of common grace in several works. It is especially expounded clearly in his Reformed Dogmatics, Common Grace, and “Calvin and Common Grace.” Bavinck’s doctrine of common grace appropriates Calvin’s ideas in two ways. First, common grace is the background and preparation of special grace. Bavinck directly quotes Calvin when he emphasizes the connection between common and special grace. Second, the dualism between the natural and supernatural realms is overcome. According to Bavinck, Calvin was a theologian who overcame the dualism of the natural and supernatural realms more thoroughly than did other Reformers such as Luther and Zwingli. Bavinck applies this feature of Calvin’s thought to the doctrine of common grace. The unique characteristic of Bavinck’s doctrine of common grace lies in its trinitarian character. Bavinck bases common grace on the Father but describes from a trinitarian perspective the way in which common grace works in history. In this respect, Bavinck is more thorough and consistent than Calvin, and it is the foundation on which he was able to present a more sound doctrine of common grace.
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