Single-Slab 3D Fast Spin Echo Imaging: T1-Contrast Perspective
1
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Fast spin echo (FSE) in magnetic resonance imaging has long been a main workhorse in clinical routines due to its versatile image contrast and robustness in improving magnetic field inhomogeneities. Nevertheless, the conventional high flip angle strategy limits its imaging efficiency, including high energy deposition to subjects, prolonged imaging time due to a necessarily short echo train, and substantial signal modulation along the echo train. Particularly, achieving high resolution T1-weighted imaging within a reasonable imaging time is challenging due to a very short echo train. In this review, we introduce T1- optimized single-slab 3D FSE imaging with variable refocusing flip angles as a promising solution to the above problems with its clinical applications. We provide a general description of a single-slab 3D pulse sequence and introduce its T1-optimized version with the required configuration of radio frequency and gradient pulses. Subsequently, the T1- weighted single-slab 3D FSE is investigated for signal evolution along the echo train, image contrasts, and flow sensitivity. Given the characteristics of high T1-weighted contrast and flow sensitivity, we demonstrate the clinical application of the single-slab 3D FSE, including high resolution structural imaging, as an alternative to conventional magnetization prepared spoiled gradient echo, highly tumor-targeted contrast-enhanced imaging for efficient detection of small metastases, and high-resolution vessel wall imaging for stroke diagnosis.
Abstract
Fast spin echo (FSE) in magnetic resonance imaging has long been a main workhorse in clinical routines due to its versatile image contrast and robustness in improving magnetic field inhomogeneities. Nevertheless, the conventional high flip angle strategy limits its imaging efficiency, including high energy deposition to subjects, prolonged imaging time due to a necessarily short echo train, and substantial signal modulation along the echo train. Particularly, achieving high resolution T1-weighted imaging within a reasonable imaging time is challenging due to a very short echo train. In this review, we introduce T1- optimized single-slab 3D FSE imaging with variable refocusing flip angles as a promising solution to the above problems with its clinical applications. We provide a general description of a single-slab 3D pulse sequence and introduce its T1-optimized version with the required configuration of radio frequency and gradient pulses. Subsequently, the T1- weighted single-slab 3D FSE is investigated for signal evolution along the echo train, image contrasts, and flow sensitivity. Given the characteristics of high T1-weighted contrast and flow sensitivity, we demonstrate the clinical application of the single-slab 3D FSE, including high resolution structural imaging, as an alternative to conventional magnetization prepared spoiled gradient echo, highly tumor-targeted contrast-enhanced imaging for efficient detection of small metastases, and high-resolution vessel wall imaging for stroke diagnosis.
참고문헌 (35)
- Hennig J, "RARE imaging : a fast imaging method for clinical MR", Magn Reson Med, 3, pp.823~833 (1986)
- Mulkern RV, "Contrast manipulation and artifact assessment of 2D and 3D RARE sequences", Magn Reson Imaging, 8, pp.557~566 (1990)
- Johnson G, "2D multislice and 3D MRI sequences are often equally sensitive", Magn Reson Med, 41, pp.824~828 (1999)
- Weigel M, "Investigation and modeling of magnetization transfer effects in two-dimensional multislice turbo spin echo sequences with low constant or variable flip angles at 3 T", Magn Reson Med, 63, pp.230~234 (2010)
- Oshio K, "T2-weighted thin-section imaging with the multislab three-dimensional RARE technique", J Magn Reson Imaging, 1, pp.695~700 (1991)
- Yuan C, "Threedimensional fast spin-echo imaging : pulse sequence and in vivo image evaluation", J Magn Reson Imaging, 3, pp.894~899 (1993)
- Kholmovski EG, "Correction of slab boundary artifact using histogram matching", J Magn Reson Imaging, 15, pp.610~617 (2002)
- Liu K, "Reduced slab boundary artifact in multislab 3D fast spin-echo imaging", Magn Reson Med, 44, pp.269~276 (2000)
- Mugler JP 3rd, "Optimized single-slab three-dimensional spin-echo MR imaging of the brain", Radiology, 216, pp.891~899 (2000)
- "Proceedings of the 8th Scientific Meeting & Exhibition of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine", 2000, ~, pp.ISMRM
- Busse RF, "Fast spin echo sequences with very long echo trains : design of variable refocusing flip angle schedules and generation of clinical T2 contrast", Magn Reson Med, 55, pp.1030~1037 (2006)
- Park J, "Reduction of B1 sensitivity in selective single-slab 3D turbo spin echo imaging with very long echo trains", Magn Reson Med, 62, pp.1060~1066 (2009)
- Park J, "Optimized T1-weighted contrast for single-slab 3D turbo spin-echo imaging with long echo trains : application to whole-brain imaging", Magn Reson Med, 58, pp.982~992 (2007)
- Hur J, "Use of contrast enhancement and high-resolution 3D black-blood MRI to identify inflammation in atherosclerosis", JACC Cardiovasc Imaging, 3, pp.1127~1135 (2010)
- Park J, "Contrast-enhanced, three-dimensional, wholebrain, black-blood imaging: application to small brain metastases", Magn Reson Med, 63, pp.553~561 (2010)
- Lee H, "Susceptibility-resistant variableflip-angle turbo spin echo imaging for reliable estimation of cortical thickness : a feasibility study", Neuroimage, 59, pp.377~388 (2012)
- Park J, "Detection of small metastatic brain tumors : comparison of 3D contrast-enhanced whole-brain black-blood imaging and MP-RAGE imaging", Invest Radiol, 47, pp.136~141 (2012)
- Kim JM, "High-resolution MR technique can distinguish moyamoya disease from atherosclerotic occlusion", Neurology, 80, pp.775~776 (2013)
- Kim JM, "Intracranial plaque enhancement from high resolution vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging predicts stroke recurrence", Int J Stroke, 11, pp.171~179 (2016)
- Alsop DC, "The sensitivity of low flip angle RARE imaging", Magn Reson Med, 37, pp.176~184 (1997)
- Shkarin P, "Direct simulation of spin echoes by summation of isochromats", Concepts Magn Reson, 8, pp.253~268 (1996)
- Mugler JP 3rd, "Three-dimensional magnetizationprepared rapid gradient-echo imaging(3D MP RAGE)", Magn Reson Med, 15, pp.152~157 (1990)
- Mugler JP 3rd, "Rapid three-dimensional T1-weighted MR imaging with the MP-RAGE sequence", J Magn Reson Imaging, 1, pp.561~567 (1991)
- Brant-Zawadzki M, "gradient-echo sequence--initial experience in the brain", Radiology, 182, pp.769~775 (1992)
- Sailer M, "Focal thinning of the cerebral cortex in multiple sclerosis", Brain, 126(Pt 8), pp.1734~1744 (2003)
- Thompson PM, "Mapping adolescent brain change reveals dynamic wave of accelerated gray matter loss in very early-onset schizophrenia", Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 98, pp.11650~11655 (2001)
- Narr KL, "Mapping cortical thickness and gray matter concentration in first episode schizophrenia", Cereb Cortex, 15, pp.708~719 (2005)
- Dickerson BC, "MRI-derived entorhinal and hippocampal atrophy in incipient and very mild Alzheimer’s disease", Neurobiol Aging, 22, pp.747~754 (2001)
- Thompson PM, "Dynamics of gray matter loss in Alzheimer’s disease", J Neurosci, 23, pp.994~1005 (2003)
- Suri JS, "A review on MR vascular image processing : skeleton versus nonskeleton approaches : part II", IEEE Trans Inf Technol Biomed, 6, pp.338~350 (2002)
- Yang S, "Computer-aided detection of metastatic brain tumors using magnetic resonance black-blood imaging", Invest Radiol, 48, pp.113~119 (2013)
- Ding Q, "Global, regional, and national burden of ischemic stroke, 1990–2019", Neurology, 98, pp.e279~e290 (2022)
- Alsbrook DL, "Neuroinflammation in acute ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke", Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep, 23, pp.407~431 (2023)
- Wong KS, "Intracranial stenosis in Chinese patients with acute stroke", Neurology, 50, pp.812~813 (1998)
- Jung KH, "Secular trends in ischemic stroke characteristics in a rapidly developed country : results from the Korean stroke registry study(secular trends in Korean stroke)", Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes, 5, pp.327~334 (2012)