터키의 유럽연합 회원국 가입연구 : 이슈와 전망
Turkey’s Accession into the European Union: Issues and Perspectives
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터키의 경우 1957년부터 유럽연합과 관계를 맺어왔으나, 유럽연합 회원국 가입은 쉽게 해결되지 않고 있다. 터키는 회원국으로 가입하고자 다각적 노력을 기울였으나 최종 가입여부는 상당한 문제점을 내포하고 있다. 유럽연합은 공식적으로 터키도 1993년에 결정된 코펜하겐 가입기준이 적용된다고 언급한다. 아울러 유럽연합은 터키국의 정통성을 인정한다. 터키가 유럽과 아시아 대륙을 연결하는 지역으로 안정장치로서 매우 중요하다는 점도 부인하지 않는다. 양 당사자는 냉전기간에 안보문제를 중심으로 상호 긴밀한 관계를 형성하였으나, 냉전 종식 이후 안보문제만이 전부는 아니었다. 터키의 경우 단순히 코펜하겐 기준의 충족여부가 가입여부를 결정하는 전체적 요건이 아니라는 인상이 제기된다. 공식적 요인은 아닐 지라도 유럽연합 회원국들은 5차 확대까지의 양상과 달리 자신들이 공통적으로 느끼는 문화와 종교에 대한 정체성을 중요한 고려요소로 간주한다. 터키가 가입하는 경우 유럽연합은 자신의 정체성에 대한 정의, 담보 및 확대와 관련된 문제를 사전에 합의를 도출하거나 사후에 새로 논의해야만 한다. 왜냐하면 기존 회원국들에게 익숙하지 아니한 또하나의 새로운 정체성이 추가되기 때문이다.
Abstract
Although Turkey has developed foreign relations with the European Union(EU) since 1957, its accession into the European Union has not been realized until now. It has made a desperate effort to join the EU, however the final decision for Turkey’s membership involves various problems. The EU confirms officially, at least rhetorically, that Turkey’s case shall be concluded by the 1993 Copenhagen criteria. Furthermore, Turkey is recognized not only as a legitimate country, but also as a stable device which links Asia and Europe. During the Cold War period the security issue was the most important agenda between Turkey and the EU. But after the end of the Cold War this factor was no longer crucial in deciding the bilateral relationship. Turkey has made every possible effort for its membership into the EU. But it seems that the Copenhagen criteria may not be the ultimate condition for Turkey’s case. Although it should not be an official factor, the member states of the EU regards the common religious-cultural identity of Europe as a important condition after its fifth enlargement. Therefore Turkey’s membership into the EU is influenced by this kind of additional criteria other than the Copenhagen criteria. If the EU strengthens the common identity issue more strictly and permits Turkey’s membership, then it is of course quite necessary to make a consensus or to discuss thereafter about the definition, maintenance and expansion of the EU’s identity. Because a new identity which is quite unfamiliar to the existing member states will be added, if Turkey is allowed to join to the EU.
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