유럽연합 신재생에너지 정책상의 주요 과제들로 본 정책 발전 방향에 관한 소고: 소비 분야 중심으로
A study on the developmental direction of the EU renewable energy policy: focused on primary policy challenges in consumption sectors
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본고의 목적은 유럽연합 신재생에너지 주요 소비 분야의 현 주요정책들 및 지원정책들의 개선방향, 그리고 정책상의 주요 공통과제들과 개선점들을 논하며 유럽연합 신재생에너지 정책 발전에 대한 방향을 모색해보는 데 있다. 냉난방 및 수송 분야에서는 각각 바이오매스와 바이오연료의 높은 비중으로 인해 식용곡물재배지역 감소로 인한 간접토지변경의 영향과, 전력분야에서는 발전용량 조절을위한 전력망의 중요성이 제기된다. 이에 유기토양관리 및 확대 그리고 발전용량의 효과적 조절을 위한 지방 정부의 정책상의 적극적인 관여가 그 해결 기반을 제공해 줄 수있을 것으로 보인다. 또한 회원국들은 지원 초기 성격의 투자 지원금 위주의 지원정책들을 점차 축소하고 발전용량에 근거하는 프리미엄제도, 입찰, 의무할당 정책들에 대한점차적인 확대를 도모할 필요가 있다. EU ETS내 배출권 거래를 통한 시세차익 보장도 유럽연합 역내 신재생에너지 업체들의 사업경영상에 있어 동기부여를 제공할 거로 보인다. 또한, 재생에너지 지침 내 지방정부의 신재생에너지 사업 참여 의무 조항 신설, 신재생에너지 관련 행정 부서들 간 행정 협력 강화를 위한 유럽연합 차원의 가이던스 마련, 신재생에너지 업체 시설들에 대한 주민 수용성 향상 등은 신재생에너지 발전 설비 시설이 있는 지방 정부의 적극적인정책 관여를 유도하고 그 역할을 통해 유럽연합 신재생에너지 사용 증진 확대에 대한실현 가능성을 높일 수 있을 거라 보인다.
Abstract
The aim of the article is to discuss the primary EU renewable energy policy challenges in each consumption sector of the EU renewables, support policy challenges and the common policy challenges, and to explore the developmental direction of the EU renewable energy policy for future. Because of the biggest share of biomass and biofuel, respectively, in heating and cooling and in transport, the importance of the impact of Indirect Land Use Change, and of the grid for controlling generation capacity of power in electricity is growing. Accordingly, managing and expanding arable area with organic soil and active policy engagement of local governments for effective controlling of generation capacity would provide possible solutions to the issues. And As for the support policy direction for the EU renewable energy policy development, the Member States of the EU need to phase out investment grants oriented policy and instead, phase in Feed-in Premiums, Tender Schemes and Quota Obligations based on the renewable energy installations’ generation capacity. To guarantee marginal profits in trading allowances in the EU ETS can motivate the EU renewable energy installations to do better in terms of management. And drawing up a new article in the Renewable Energy Directive mandating local governments to participate in the decision making process in renewable energy business in its territory, setting up the EU guidance to enforce administrative cooperation among the relevant renewable energy administrative authorities, and enhancing public acceptance for renewable energy deployments can induce the local governments with the renewable deployments to be actively engaged in policy making and raise the possibility to realize the promotion of the EU renewables in use.
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