EU 바이오연료 정책 전망과 그 발전 방향: 간접토지변경
The Prospect for the EU Biofuel policy and the direction for the policy development: Indirect Land Use Change
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초록
유럽연합은 최근 바이오연료 원료 곡물 재배 시 발생하는 간접토지변경(Indirect Land Use Change)으로 인한 영향을 인정하고 기존 바이오연료 정책의 두 핵심 지침이라 할 수 있는 재생에너지 지침과 연료 품질 지침을 개정한 새 지침을 마련하였다. 바이오 연료 관련 간접토지변경은 고탄소층 지역의 바이오연료 원료 곡물 재배지로의 토지 변경으로 인한 탄소배출량으로 인해 바이오연료 사용으로 저장할 수 있는 탄소저장효과를 저하시킨다. 본 논문의 목적은 유럽연합의 이러한 바이오 연료 사용 야기 ILUC 로 인한 유럽연합 바이오연료 정책에 대한 방향을 전망해보고 ILUC의 영향경감방안을 제안함으로써 향후 정책 발전 방향을 모색해보는 데 있다. 식용곡물 가격의 상승, 식량 공급 보장 악화, 생물 다양성 손실, 그리고 ILUC로 인한 바이오연료 원료 곡물들의 저장탄소량 감소에 따른 대기로의 전체 배출량 증가들은 ILUC가 초래할 수 있는 주요 영향들로 전망되고 있다. 이에 대한 영향 경감을 위해서는 첫째, 바이오연료 생산 기업들의LULUCF부문 내 배출량 보고 의무 준수와 인센티브 제공, 둘째, 바이오연료 원료 곡물들의 ILUC 배출량 기준 하향 설정과 세부 기준 준수에 따른 재배지 확대 허용 비율 설정, 셋째, 비식용 곡물 사용 ILUC 야기 배출량 감축 목표 설정과 종 파급효과 지원, 그리고 마지막으로는 회원국 간 대체 비식용 곡물 정보 제공 관련 Network 구축등의 방안들이 논의될 수 있다. 그러나 무엇보다도, 탄소배출량을 정확하게 집계하는 유럽연합차원의 LULUCF부문 인벤토리 구축 기술의 발전과 이 부문 배출 탄소량들을 정확하게산출할 수 있는 투명성이 강화된 공식적인 방법론 마련에 대한 가중 노력이 더욱 절실하다.
Abstract
The European Union has recently recognized the effects of biofuel crop cultivation induced- Indirect Land Use Change and established a new Directive aimed at alleviating the effects. The biofuel crop cultivation induced-ILUC lowers the effects of carbon savings derived from the use of biofuels by converting high rich caron areas into biofuel crop productions and emitting a considerable amount of carbons as a result. The paper is purposed to explore the prospect of the EU biofuel policy with the ILUC effects and to suggest a few of options to alleviate the effects for the policy development. Rise in the price of food crops, weakened food security, loss of biodiversity and increase in carbon emissions into atmosphere, are known to be the primary effects resulted from the biofuel use induced ILUC. A few of options to alleviate the effects are, providing incentives to biofuel production businesses for abiding by compulsory obligations to report inventory of the emissions in LULUCF, lowering the baseline of the ILUC carbon emissions from the biofuel feedstocks and setting the allowable cultivation area expansion rate corresponding to it. And on top of them, setting the reduction goal in non food crops use induced emissions and assisting spreading the non food crops, and establishing the effective network for the goals, should be on table. But above all, developing technology in establishing more accurate inventory and redoubling more efforts to have officially reinforced methodology with strengthened transparency for the inventory are urgently needed elements for the development of the EU biofuel policy down the road.
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