유럽연합의 산업정책 및 혁신정책의 의미와 역할
Industrial Policy of the EU and the Role of the Innovation.
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EU는 새로운 경제비전인 리스본 전략의 제시와 함께 집중지원(targeting)과 자원배분 위주의 전통적 산업정책에서 탈피하여 ‘신산업정책’을 채택하면서 기업가정신확산과 혁신의 촉진을 주요 수단 중 하나로 삼았다. 본 논문은 기업 혁신의 촉진을 위한 EU의 정책을 분석한 다음 비슷한 정책적 과제를 안고 있는 한국에게 EU의 경험이 주는 시사점을 도출하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 분석의 틀로는 국가혁신능력(NIC)의 제고를 위한 거시적 접근과 혁신체계 틀의 구축을 위한 미시적 접근을 병행 적용하였으며 분석대상 자료로는 EU 집행위의 다양한 문헌 외에 ‘혁신바로미터(Innobarometer)’와 ‘유럽혁신성과지표(EIS)’를 주로 활용하였다.분석 결과 EU의 혁신노력에서 가시적인 성과를 확인하기에는 아직 시기상조라는 점과 EU의 거의 모든 정책조치들이 EU 집행위원회 단독이 아니라 회원국들과 소위 공개조정방식(OMC)을 통해서 이루어지는 관계로 효율성 면에서 한계를 보인다는 사실을 확인할 수 있었다.그러나 EU가 이해당사자들 간의 상호작용과 네트워킹을 중요시 하는 점, 산업클러스터를 적극 지원함으로써 시너지효과 극대화를 추구한다는 점, 공공의 혁신정책은 체제불완전성을 제거하고 민간의 창의성을 최대한 촉진하는 쪽으로 수행된다는 점 등은 한국의 혁신정책에도 많은 시사점을 준다.
Abstract
“The New Industrial Policy", which was proclaimed by EU as a cornerstone of the Lisbon Strategy to make EU area as “the most competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economy in the world", contents among others, three elements; sustainable development, market oriented regulatory framework and promotion of entrepreneurship and innovation. The purpose of this paper is to analysis the EU policy on innovation and to identify some policy implications for Korea. The analytical tool applied at this paper is the "National Innovation System(NIS) approach. The main purpose of this paper is to articulate the role of innovation in the industrial policy and to formulate some policy recommendations. This paper discusses with the effectiveness of Inno-Barometer and European Innovation Scoreboard(EIS) as tools of evaluating and comparing the innovation performances of the EU as a whole as well as the member states. The analysis shows that it is too early to evaluate decisively whether the innovation based industrial policy measures of EU are effective or not. The main reason of the sluggish economic performance of EU region must be sought somewhere else than the innovation policy measures. The policy implications of the analysis, which can be applied also to the Korean policies in concern, can be summarized a follows; First, Interaction between the sake holders and networking is essential. Second, promotion of industrial clusters is one of the most effective tools to synergize the regional integration effects. Third, the main actors of the innovation must be the entrepreneurs. Fourth, public measures to promote innovation must be market oriented.
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