EU 회원국 간 경제적 이해관계 상충의 원인 및 사례 분석
The Causes and Cases of Economic Interests Conflicts in the EU
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본 논문은 인구, GDP, 1인당 GDP의 차이를 회원국 구성상의 구조적 불균형으로, 유럽연합 내 각종 기구에서의 회원국의 대표성과 유럽연합의 예산 구조를 경제적 이해관계 상충의 제도적 문제점으로 상정하고 있으며, 이러한 문제점을 종합적으로 조망하기 위하여 룩셈부르크 타협안, 영국 예산환급금 문제, 그리고 야기엘로니안 타협안을 경제적 이해관계 상충의 사례로 분석하고 있다. 유럽연합의 회원국 구성상의 불균형은 유럽연합 내 각종 정책 결정 과정에 있어서 이해관계 상충의 원인을 제공하기 때문에 경제적 갈등의 상수로 작용하고 있다. 또한 인구수에 체감비례하게 설정된 의사결정 메카니즘은 끊임없이 변화해 왔지만 아직도 완벽한 민주성을 확보하지 못하고 있다. 유럽연합의 예산 역시 그 구조상 끊임없는 갈등의 소지를 안고 있다. 유럽연합은 그 다양성에도 불구하고 이해관계의 상충을 슬기롭게 극복해 왔다. 그러나 갈등의 원인을 제거 또는 개혁하는 데 있어서 유럽연합 자체가 무기력했으며, 그 과정이 민주적이지도 못하면서 비효율적이었다는 지적을 피할 수 없을 것이다. 유럽연합이 겪고 있는 이러한 진통과 그 해결 방법들은 아시아 제국 간의 연합 또는 동북아연합 등에 대한 논의들에게 시사하는 바가 크다. 평화유지, 경제번영, 민주주의 신장 등 유럽연합이 지속적으로 추구해 온 가치는 한반도를 중심으로 한 어떠한 공동체 움직임에 있어서도 소중한 가치가 될 것이다.
Abstract
This paper starts with the assumption that differences in sizes of population,GDP, and GDP per capita comprise the structural imbalances of the EU, and that the representation of each Member State in the EU institutions and the structure of EU budget form the core institutional problems, all creating economic interests conflicts in the EU. Three cases of economic interests conflicts, The Luxembourg Compromise, UK Rebate, and Jagiellonian Compromise, are selected and analysed to give concrete examples. Since the structural imbalances of constituting EU have caused various economic interests conflicts in the decision-making processes of EU policies, these have always been constant factors of economic conflicts. Moreover, the EU decision-making mechanism determined as degressively proportional to the size of population has been a target of continuous amendments, but remained still a target to be revised more democratic. The collection and expenditure of EU budget also give rise to economic conflicts among Member States. Despite its diversity, the EU has been sensible in resolving the economic interests conflicts. However, the EU is not free from the criticisms that EU itself has been lethargic in eliminating and reforming the causes of conflicts, and,futhermore, that even the eliminating and reforming processes have been undemocratic and inefficient. Nevertheless, the problems and solutions of conflicts that the EU has experienced since its establishment until now will give strong implications to the discussions about a possible union of Asian countries or East Asian Union. Such values that the EU has continuously pursued during the lastdecades as peace keeping, economic prosperity, and extension of democracy will be meaningful values even for any community integration movement surrounding the Korean peninsula.
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