The OSCE's Intervention in the Nagorno Karabakh Conflict: Limit and Remedy
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본 논문은 아르메니아와 아제르바이잔 간 분쟁인 나고르노 카라바흐 전쟁에 개입한 유럽안보협력기구 (OSCE)의 다자적 중재의 본질적 한계와 그에 대한 개선안을 제시하기 위하여 시도 되었다. OSCE는 민스크 그룹 (Minsk Group)을 조직하여 다년간에 걸쳐 분쟁을 중재하고 타협안을 제시하였으나 모두 실패로 끝나고 말았다. 그 원인으로 지적되고 있는 것은 아르메니아가 주장하는 ‘민족자결의 권리’와 아제르바이잔이 주장하는 ‘영토보전의 원칙’이 충돌하기 때문이다. 보다 근본적인 원인은 특히 ‘민족자결의 원리’를 주장하는 주체가 누구인지에 대한 명확한 개념이 부재하기 때문에 혼란을 초래한 것으로 볼 수 있다. 따라서 두 일반적 규범에 대한 명확한 개념을 재정립할 필요성이 있다. 또한 나고르노 카라바흐 분쟁과 같이 영토와 정체성이 연계된 분쟁의 경우 규범적 접근 보다는 창조적이고 초월적인 접근방법이 필요하다. 이런 의미에서 요한 갈퉁(Johan Galtung)이 주장한 바 있는 ‘연합적 자치’(Confederal Autonomy)를 대안으로 검토해 볼 필요가 있다.
Abstract
The primary objective of this article is to investigate the main reasons for failure in the Minsk process which is a multilateral mediation effort of the OSCE to resolve the Nagorno Karabakh conflict. As the Minsk process shows, the Nagorno Karabakh conflict has so far displayed all the characteristics typical of the adversarial frame of viewing conflict and its possible resolution. Consequently, the main issues revolve around the normative aspects of a political settlement and any compromise within this framework seem threatening to all conflicting parties. This was mainly due to the irreconcilability between the two universal principles, namely, the right to self-determination and the principle of territorial integrity. Under this situation, the peace plans put forward by the Minsk Group have turned out to be unacceptable to both parties. As a remedy for the dilemma between the two principles, it is pointed out that a more concise and workable definition of the right to self-determination needs to be established. In consideration of the criteria elaborated upon in this article, the right to self-determination seems to prevail over the principle of territorial integrity in the case of Nagorno Karabakh if the entire population of the region comes up with a united will. However, as Johan Galtung suggested, the Nagorno Karabakh conflict requires a creative or transcend approach. This approach means giving up a formal routine procedure out of a realization that it will not work in the given context of conflict. In this sense, the notion of ‘confederal autonomy’ deserves to be considered as a remedy.
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