유럽의 이주인력 고용분석: 독일과 프랑스의 비교

Abstract

This study focus on comparisons of employment of immigrants between Germany and France. France became a destination country for labor migrants with industrialization and growing labor needs, especially from Belgium and Italy, a situation which continued after World war I. In 1950s, this nation experienced the beginning of substantial inflows of labour migrants from Italy, Spain, Portugal and North Africa to satisfy generally lower skilled labor needs in the post-war industrial expansion. This movement came to stop after the first oil crisis in 1973 but family and humanitarian migration continued. Not only have they tried to block illegal immigrants, but also they have put an effort to get high-skilled labor. Meanwhile, a substantial part of the immigrant population in Germany is low-skill, which is partly a result of the focus on low-skilled labour during Germany's labour recruitment period prior to 1973. These guestworkers(foreign workers) were later joined by their family and had children. Since the late 1980s, two large additional immigrant groups rapidly emerged, whose entry was not linked with labor market needs: humanitarian immigrants and ethnic Germans from Eastern Europe. Since 1980, Germany have not considered the demand of labor market fully and allowed immigrant immensely by non-economical factor. So the social integration of foreign workers is importantly considered. The immigration policies in Germany and France are faced with the change of the world labor market by the progress of an aging society. France needs to diversify the influx of immigrants more by the form of entry, immigrant, and native country. Germany has to give a political priority to accepting high-skilled immigrants that labormarket needs in the future. That means, France needs to increase the flexibility of policies for temporary or permanent immigrants, low-skilled or high-skilled immigrants and regulations of immigrants. Germany has to give a political prior to accepting high-skilled immigrants that labor market needs in the future. It's important to improve transparency and understand the demand of labor force based on precise predict in the process of accepting them. Also, it's necessary to diversify the process of selecting immigrants. If Germany and France cooperate with the partners (of) in Europe and immigrants' native country actively and efficiently, it's likely for them to acquire the political goals. Especially, if they share the responsibility of managing immigrants mobility and consider the relationship between immigration policy and national development, political goals for immigrants will be accomplished relatively easily. The immigrants policy in Europe provides Korea with significant some implications in which foreign labor forces and international multi-cultural family are increasing.