유럽연합의 헌법정치: 유럽헌법조약(TCE)에서 리스본 조약까지
Constitutional Politics of the European Union: From the TCE to the Lisbon Treaty
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이 연구는 21세기 들어 진행된 유럽헌법조약(TCE, Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe)을 둘러싼 정치과정을 유럽연합 헌법정치의 본격적인 시작으로 파악한다. 헌법정치의 출발점은 다음과 같은 세 과정으로 나누어 분석한다. 첫째, 유럽헌법조약이라는 타협이 만들어지는 과정에 주목하여 그 의미를 이해한다. 둘째, 어렵게 형성된 유럽헌법조약의 타협안이 프랑스와 네덜란드의 국민투표에서 부결됨으로써 실패하는 과정과 원인을 살펴본다. 셋째, 리스본 조약이라는 새로운 타협안을 도출하여 유럽연합이 기본적이고 통합적인 권력 구조를 마련하는 과정을 분석한다. 결국 유럽연합은 유럽헌법조약을 원래의 형태로 비준하는 데는 실패했지만, 리스본 조약을 통해 독립국가로서 회원국의 위상을 위협하는 상징적 장치들을 제거함으로써 실질적인 헌정구조를 수립하는데는 어느 정도 성공을 거두었다고 평가할 수 있다.
Abstract
This research aims at analyzing the serious and official beginning phase of constitutional politics in the European Union with the initiative for the adoption of the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe(TCE). This phase can further be distinguished in three different processes. First, the TCE has been initiated by an European Convention mobilized for constitutional purpose, a method which differed from the traditional intergovernmental approach of European treaty-making method. Second, the difficult compromise of the TCE has not been able to pass through ratification process, especially in France and Netherlands, two major European countries which used the national referendum for this process. Third, the TCE nevertheless had to be renegotiated among member countries in the form of the Lisbon treaty, in order to create a basic and integrated institutional structure for the EU. Through these three processes, we can conclude that the EU has failed to adopt the original constitutional treaty per se, but has successfully established a substantial constitutional order with the Lisbon treaty, by eliminating the most visible symbolic elements threatening the status of member states as the primordial political unities.
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