EU의 역외난민심사센터 논의에 대한 문제: EU 이주정책의 원격통제(remote control) 특징을 중심으로
Offshore Processing Centre of EU Asylum Claims: Focused on the Remote Control Characteristics of EU Migration Policy
0
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
2018년 6월 유럽이사회는 역외난민심사센터 설립을 통해 역내로 넘어오는 난민 유입을 통제하는 방안을 제안했다. 대다수 난민의 출발지인 북아프리카 등 역외에 난민심사센터를 세워 EU내 난민유입을 억제하기 위함이다. 역외난민심사센터 설립 안은 해로를통한 위태로운 방법에 목숨을 거는 모험을 감수하지 않고서도 난민 지위를 신청할 수있는 안전한 방법을 제공하겠다는 선의의 취지로 해석될 여지도 있다. 하지만 가장 구체적 선례로 거론되는 호주의 역외난민심사센터 사례가 보여주듯 역외난민심사센터 설립문제는 난민권 침해 위험으로부터 자유롭지 못하다. EU가 역외난민심사센터를 실제로 적용할지 여부와 무관하게 이 논의의 문제점을 고찰하는 것은 의미가 있다. 역외난민심사센터 건립 논의는 EU 이주정책의 가장 두드러진 특징인 외재화 경향중에서도 역외 즉치외법권(extraterritorial) 지역에서 제 3국으로의 책임전이의 문제뿐 아니라 원격통제(remote control) 문제를 단적으로 보여주고 있기 때문이다. 루벤 자이오티(Ruben Zaiotti) 는 원격통제 현상의 개념화를 위해 네 가지 차원에서의 접근 방식에 대해서 설명했는데, 본고에서는 자이오티가 주장한 원격통제 성향의 이주정책이 갖고 있는 공간적, 관계적, 기능적 그리고 도구적 측면을 분석함으로 역외난민심사센터 건립 안이 제 3국뿐 아니라민간기업으로의 책임회피성 문제를 지니고 있음을 고찰할 수 있었다.
Abstract
In June 2018, the European Council decided to control the influx of refugees through the establishment of an offshore processing centre. This decision may be interpreted as the intention of providing a safe way to apply for refugee status without risking life in the sea routes. However, as the case of Australia's offshore processing centre shows, which is mentioned as the most concrete example, the offshore processing centre is not free from the risk of human rights violations. Regardless of whether the EU will actually establish an offshore processing centre, it is salient to consider the problems of this debate since the offshore processing centre shows the problem of remote control of the trend of externalization, which is the most prominent feature of EU migration policy. Hence, this paper attempts to examine the problems(extraterritoriality and transfer of responsibility) of the offshore processing centre, which has a remote control characteristic. In addition, this paper will also seek to examine the spatial, relational, functional, and instrumental dimension of the offshore processing centre asserted by Ruben Zaiotti in order to conceptualize the phenomenon of remote control.
참고문헌 (58)
- 김성진, "유럽 내 시리아 난민과 사회안보", 정치·정보연구, 21(1), pp.99~128 (2018), 한국정치정보학회[DOI]
- 난민유입대응 관련 정책 현황과 개선방향, "김예경", NARS, ~, pp.현안분석, Vol. 20 (2018)
- 김종법, "2017년 유럽 주요 국가들의 선거결과를 통해 본 극우주의와 포퓰리즘 -난민정책과 유럽통합의 문화정치적 패러다임의 전환 가능성?-", 지중해지역연구, 20(2), pp.1~21 (2018), 지중해지역원[DOI]
- 박선희, "EU의 공동이민망명정책의 외재화와 그 문제점", 유럽연구, 29(1), pp.39~64 (2011), 한국유럽학회
- 박영선, "해상에서 구조된 난민의 처리에 관한 법률적 문제검토 ― 탬퍼(MV Tampa)호 사건을 중심으로 ―", 한국해법학회지, 30(2), pp.229~262 (2008), 한국해법학회
- 송병준, "유럽연합의 망명정책: 보편적 인권보호 혹은 규제강화를 위한 유럽적 문제해결", EU연구, (34), pp.103~133 (2013), EU연구소
- 안병억, "유럽의 난민 위기와 공동이민망명정책 - 초국가주의의 한계와 전망 -", 독일연구 - 역사·사회·문화, (31), pp.1~33 (2016), 한국독일사학회[DOI]
- "호주의 역외 난민 캠프에서 벌어지고 있는 끔찍한 일"[URL]
- 난민 사태이후의 유럽공동이민망명정책의 변화, "오정은", IOM 이민정책연구원, ~, pp.이슈브리프 (2016-06) (2016)
- 오창룡, "덴마크 극우정당의 정상화 전략: 포스트 포퓰리즘적 전환과 그 한계를 중심으로", EU연구, (55), pp.365~396 (2020), EU연구소
- 이신화, "시리아 난민사태: 인도적 위기의 안보적 접근과 분열된 정치적 대응", 한국과 국제정치, 32(1), pp.75~103 (2016), 극동문제연구소[DOI]
- 최진우, "난민위기와 유럽통합", 문화와 정치, 3(1), pp.109~137 (2016), 평화연구소
- Akkerman, Mark, "Outsourcing oppression: How Europe externalises migrant detention beyond its shores", TNI (April 2021), ~ (2021)
- "Manus Island: Refugees moved from ‘one hellish situation to another"[URL]
- Andrew, Jane, "Offshoring and outsourcing the ‘unauthorised’: The annual reports of an anxious state", Policy and Society, 30(3) (2011)
- Besson, Samantha, "The Extraterritoriality of the European Convention on Human Rights: Why Human Rights depend on Jurisdiction and What Jurisdiction amounts to", Leiden Journal of International Law, 25(4) (2012)
- "Denmark asylum: Law passed to allow offshore asylum centres" (2021)[URL]
- Offshore processing of asylum applications: Out of sight, out of mind? CEPS Paper in Liberty and Security, "Carrera, Sergio", CEPS, ~ (2017)
- Offshore asylum and migration in Australia, Spain, Tunisia and the US: Lessons learned and feasibility for the EU, "Carrera, Sergio", CEPS, European Policy Institute, ~ (2018)
- The EU Pact on Migration and Asylum in light of the United Nations Global Compact on Refugees, "Carrera, Sergio", European University Institute, ~ (2021)
- Connell, John, "Nauru: The First Failed Pacific State?", The Round Table, 95(383) (2006)
- Dastyari, Azadeh, "Refugees on Guantanamo Bay: A Blue Print for Australia’s ‘Pacific Solution’?", Journal of Contemporary Analysis, 79 (2007)
- Estevens, João, "Migration crisis in the EU : developing a framework for analysis of national security and defence strategies", Comparative Migration Studies, 6(28) (2018)
- "Readmission agreements between the EU and certain non-EU countries"[URL]
- European Commission, "Improving Access to Durable Solutions, COM(2004) 410", ~ (2004)
- "Non-paper on regional disembarkation arrangements" (2018)[URL]
- European Commission, "Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on a New Pact on Migration and Asylum, Com(2020) 609 final, Brussels", ~ (2020)
- European Commission, "Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council introducing a screening of third country nationals at the external borders and amending Regulations (EC) No 767", 2008, (EU)2017, 817, Com (2020) 612 final, Brussels, 2020[DOI]
- European Council on Refugees and Exiles, "ECRE Comments on the Commission proposal for screening Regulation(2020) 612", ~ (2020)
- "Multiannual financial framework for the years 2021 to 2027: the future of EU finances" (2021)[URL]
- Fitzgerald, David Scott, "Remote control of migration: theorising territoriality shared coercion, and detterence", Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 46(1) (2020)
- Foreign Policy, "Australia's Draconian Refugee Policy comes home to roost", ~ (2018)
- Goodwin-Gill, Guy, "The Extraterritorial Processing of Claims to Asylum or Protection : The Legal Responsibilities of States and International Organisations", Sydney Law Review, 9(26) (2007)
- Guild, Elspeth, "Moving the Borders of Europe", Inaugural lecture, University of Nijmegen, ~ (2001)
- Hailbronner, Kay, "EU Immigration and Asylum Law: A Commentary" (2016), C.H. Beck
- Constrained by its roots: How the Origins of the Global Asylum System limit contemporary protection, "Hansen, Randall", Transatlantic Council of Migration, Migration Policy Institute, ~ (2017)
- Handling EU Asylum Claims: New Approaches Examined, "House of Lords", ~, pp.HL Paper No. 74 (2004)
- Jacopo, Barigazzi, "EU migration chief: Forget the ‘political cost’", Politico (25 September 2015), ~ (2015)
- Kesby, Alison, "The Shifting and Multiple Border and International Law", Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, 27(1) (2007)
- "Morocco rules out building EU offshore asylum centers" (2018)[URL]
- Laughland, Oliver, "Australian Government Targets Asylum Seekers with Graphic Campaign", The Guardian (11 February 2014), ~ (2014)
- Lavenex, Sandra, "Shifting Up and Out : The Foreign Policy of European Immigration Control", West European Politics, 29(2) (2007)
- Leonard, Sarah, "The extra-territorial processing of asylum claims", Forced Migration Review, ~ (2016)
- Maillet, Pauline, "Nowhere Countries: Exclusion of Non-Citizens from Rights through Extra-Territoriality at Home" (2020), Brill
- Extraterritorial processing in Europe: Is 'regional protection' the answer, and if not, what is?, "McAdam, Jane", Andrew & Renata Kaldor Centre for International Refugee Law, ~, pp.Policy Brief 1 (2015)
- Study on the Feasibility of Processing Asylum Claims Outside the EU Against the Background of the Common European Asylum System and the Goal of a Common Asylum Procedure, "Noll, Gregor", European Community, ~ (2002)
- "European parliament won't pay for offshore migrant camps" (2018)[URL]
- Refugee Council of Australia, "Seven Years on: An Overview of Australia's Offshore Processing Policies", ~ (2020)
- "Australia's offshore processing regime: The Facts.-" (2020)[URL]
- Tardis, Matthieu, "European Union Partnerships with African Countries on Migration: A Common issue with conflicting interests", Notes de l'IFRI, ~ (2018)
- Taylor, Savitri, "The Pacific Solution or a Pacific Nightmare? The Difference between Burden Shifting and Responsibility Sharing", Asian-Pacific Law and Policy Journal, 6(1) (2005)
- Select Committee on the Recent allegations relating to conditions and circumstances at the Regional Processing Centre in Nauru, "Taking responsibility; conditions and circumstances at Australia's Regional Processing Centre in Nauru", Senate (August 2015), ~ (2015)
- Shachar, Ayelet, "The Shifting Border of Immigration Regulation", Stanford Journal of Civil Rights and Civil Liberties, 3(2) (2007)
- Van Berlo, Patrick, "The Protection of Asylum Seekers in Australian-Pacific Offshore Processing: The Legal Deficit of Human Rights in a Nodal Reality", Human Rights Law Review, 17(1) (2017)
- Zaiotti, Ruben, "Externalizing Migration Management" (2016), Routledge
- Zimmermann, Andreas, "The 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol: A commentary" (2011), Oxford University Press
- Zolberg, Aristide R., "Migration, Migration History, History: Old Paradigms and New Perspectives" (1997), Peter Lang