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채용 공고에 제시된 유리/불리 다양성 단서에 대한 남성과 여성 구직자의 반응 차이

How Male and Female Job Seekers Differently React to Favorable/Unfavorable Diversity Cue on Job Postings

서자경|유정|손영우|이혜원|이태경
한국감성과학회 (The Korean Society For Emotion & Sensibility)|2023.06|감성과학 (Science of Emotion & Sensibility)|제26권 제2호|pp. 67-84|DOI 10.14695/KJSOS.2023.26.2.67

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참고문헌

키워드

분배공정성절차공정성Organizational JusticeDistributive JusticeProcedural Justice조직 공정성채용 공고성별 다양성Gender DiversityOrganizational Attractiveness조직 매력도Job Posting
주제분류감성과학

초록

지금껏 시행된 성별 다양성 정책의 목적은 주로 남성 중심으로 제도화된 차별적인 문화와 그로 인한 여성의 과소활용을 해소하기 위함이었다. 따라서 그동안의 성별 다양성 연구는 여성을 소수집단으로 전제하고 이들을 우대하는 성별 다양성 정책을 펼친 경우에만 집중되었다. 하지만 주류집단과 소수집단의 개념은 맥락에 따라 달라질 수 있으며, 사회에는 여성 중심적 직업군 역시 상당수 존재한다. 이에 본 연구자들은 남성이 수혜자가 되는 다양성 정책에 대하여 남성과 여성 구직자가 각각 어떠한 반응을 보이는지를 탐구하였다. 본 연구는 대학생 329명(남성 156명, 여성 173명)을 대상으로 2(성별: 남성, 여성) × 2(다양성: 유리, 불리)의 참가자 간 실험 설계로 진행되었다. 참가자들은 가상 기업의 신입사원 채용 공고에 제시된 다양성 단서를 보고, 해당 기업에 대한 조직 공정성 및 조직 매력도를 평가하였다. 그 결과, 먼저 구직자들은 채용 공고에 제시된 다양성 단서가 본인에게 유리(vs. 불리)할 경우 성별에 따라 조직의 분배공정성 및 절차공정성을 다르게 인식하였다. 구체적으로 남성 구직자보다 여성 구직자가 채용 공고에서 본인에게 유리(vs. 불리)한 다양성 단서를 접하게 되었을 때 조직의 분배공정성 및 절차공정성을 높게 인식하였다. 또, 다양성 단서와 조직 매력도의 관계를 조직 공정성 인식이 매개하였고, 이 매개효과가 성별에 의해 조절되었다. 이때 여성의 경우에는 다양성 단서와 조직 매력도의 관계에서 조직의 분배공정성 및 절차공정성 인식을 통한 매개효과가 둘 다 유의하였으나, 남성의 경우에는 조직의 절차공정성 인식을 통한 매개효과만이 유의하였다. 이 결과는 같은 내용이나 수준의 다양성 관리라 하더라도 개인의 사회적 지위나 소속집단에 따라 다르게 인식되며, 이로 인해 차별화된 태도 및 행동으로까지 이어질 수 있다는 점을 시사한다.

Abstract

Gender diversity policies aim to reduce institutional discrimination in a male-dominated society and the underutilization of women in terms of the economy. Extant gender diversity literature has focused on gender diversity policies premised on women being treated as a minority. However, since women-centered occupational groups do exist, women cannot be considered an absolute minority. Therefore, we explored the gender difference in job seekers’ reactions to a diversity policy favorable to men. The experiment divided participants into 2 (Gender: Male, Female) × 2 (Diversity: Favorable, Unfavorable), canvassing 329 college students (156 male, 173 female). Participants evaluated the organizational justice and organizational attractiveness of the virtual company by looking at the diversity cues presented in the job posting seeking new employees. As a result, it was confirmed that if the diversity cues presented in the job posting were favorable (vs. unfavorable) to the individual, the organization’s distribution justice and procedural justice perceptions were generated differently according to the gender of the job seeker. Moreover, female job seekers perceived distribution justice and procedural justice as higher than male job seekers when they encountered diversity cues that were favorable (vs. unfavorable) to them. In addition, the relationship between diversity cues and organizational attractiveness was mediated by the perception of organizational justice, and this mediating effect was moderated by gender. For women, on the one hand, the mediating effect through the perception of distributive justice and procedural justice was significant in the relationship between diversity cues and organizational attractiveness. On the other hand, the mediating effect alone through the perception of procedural justice was significant for men. Our findings suggest that identical diversity managements are distinguished by individuals’ social status or affiliation and may even result in differentiated behaviors.

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