A Defensive Normative Power: A Study on EU's Strategic Autonomy Capacity
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When Ursula von der Leyen took office as the President of the European Commission in 2019, she declared that il will be a “Geopolitical Commission” under her lead, pointing out the reality that the EU cannot stay outside of the geopolitical tension of the 21st century, and affirming that the normative power will join the geopolitical game. Whether it is establishing a stronger military defence system or introducing more diverse trade defence instruments, a “defensive” EU is undoubtedly taking shape. But are defensive foreign policy and normative power compatible? How will the defensive EU adjust its foreign policy in terms of military and economic aspects? These are the first set of questions to be answered in this paper. Secondly, this paper will turn its focus on the three major powers in international relations today, namely the United States, China, and European Union. As the EU strongly aspires to acquire strategic autonomy since 2017, this project would analyze how the EU is forming a normative agenda for a defensive Europe in terms of its military and economic foreign policy, and whether it has the capacity to achieve the goal of strategic balance with the United States and China. The paper manifests that indeed, a large part of the disputes that the EU has encountered with the US and China in recent years comes from the shift in the EU’s foreign policy direction. And the EU sure has the interests and needs to ensure its strategic autonomy when finding its position in the US-China competition.
Abstract
When Ursula von der Leyen took office as the President of the European Commission in 2019, she declared that il will be a “Geopolitical Commission” under her lead, pointing out the reality that the EU cannot stay outside of the geopolitical tension of the 21st century, and affirming that the normative power will join the geopolitical game. Whether it is establishing a stronger military defence system or introducing more diverse trade defence instruments, a “defensive” EU is undoubtedly taking shape. But are defensive foreign policy and normative power compatible? How will the defensive EU adjust its foreign policy in terms of military and economic aspects? These are the first set of questions to be answered in this paper. Secondly, this paper will turn its focus on the three major powers in international relations today, namely the United States, China, and European Union. As the EU strongly aspires to acquire strategic autonomy since 2017, this project would analyze how the EU is forming a normative agenda for a defensive Europe in terms of its military and economic foreign policy, and whether it has the capacity to achieve the goal of strategic balance with the United States and China. The paper manifests that indeed, a large part of the disputes that the EU has encountered with the US and China in recent years comes from the shift in the EU’s foreign policy direction. And the EU sure has the interests and needs to ensure its strategic autonomy when finding its position in the US-China competition.
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