스페인과 포르투갈의 이민자 통합 정책 비교 분석: MIPEX(이민자 통합 정책 지표) 지수를 중심으로
A comparative Analysis of Immigrant Integration Policies in Spain and Portugal: Focusing on the MIPEX Index
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초록
본 연구는 MIPEX 2020 지수를 활용해 스페인과 포르투갈의 이민자 통합정책을 비교·분석하고, 차이의 역사·사회·정치적 배경을 탐구하였다. 분석 결과, 포르투갈은 정치참여·국적취득·장기거주권에서, 스페인은 건강권에서 우위를 보였으며, 이는 거버넌스 구조와 이민 수용 경험 차이에서 기인한다. 연구는 MIPEX를 제도·집행·맥락을 아우르는 분석 틀로 확장해, 향후 정책 설계 시 권리 범위, 절차 접근성, 집행 일관성, 사회적 수용성을 함께 고려할 필요성을 제시한다.
Abstract
This study aims to compare and analyze the immigrant integration policies of Spain and Portugal using the MIPEX 2020 index, with a focus on identifying differences in policy design and their underlying factors. Eight key policy areas—labour market mobility, family reunification, education, political participation, permanent residence, access to nationality, health, and anti-discrimination—were examined in terms of scores and institutional characteristics. The analysis reveals that Portugal outperforms Spain in political participation, access to nationality, permanent residence, education, and anti-discrimination, while Spain scores higher in the health domain. Portugal’s strong performance in political and citizenship rights is linked to its centralized governance structure and historical experience of multicultural acceptance following decolonization, whereas Spain’s relatively lower scores stem from its decentralized governance and cautious policy design in response to its later influx of immigrants. By applying MIPEX not merely as a benchmarking tool but as an analytical framework that connects institutional design, governance structure, and socio-historical context, this study underscores the need for immigrant integration policies that integrate the scope of rights, procedural accessibility, consistency of implementation, and societal receptiveness.