Effects of dietary inactivated probiotics on growth performance and immune responses of weaned pigs
2
조회
0
다운로드
12
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This experiment was performed to verify whether dietary heat-killed Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LR) improves growth performance and modulates immune responses of weaned pigs. Ninety-six weaned pigs ([Landrace × Yorkshire] × Duroc; 6.95 ± 0.25 kg body weight [BW]; 28 d old) were randomly allocated to four treatments: 1) a basal diet without heat-killed LR (CON), 2) T1 (CON with 0.1% heat-killed LR), 3) T2 (CON with 0.2% heat-killed LR), and 4) T3 (CON with 0.4% heat-killed LR). Each treatment had six pens with four pigs (6 replicates per treatment) in a randomized completely block design. The heat-killed LR used in this study contained 1 × 109 FU/g of LR in a commercial product. Pigs were fed each treatment for four weeks using a two-phase feeding program to measure growth performance and frequency of diarrhea. During the last week of this study, all diets contained 0.2% chromic oxide as an indigestible marker. Fecal sampling was performed through rectal palpation for the consecutive three days after the four adaptation days to measure apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter, crude protein, and gross energy (GE). Blood sampling was also performed on day 1, 3, 7, and 14 after weaning to measure immune responses such as serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), C-reactive protein (CRP), and cortisol. The heat-killed LR increased (p < 0.05) growth rate, feed efficiency, and ATTD of GE for overall experimental period compared with CON, but reduced (p < 0.05) post-weaning diarrhea. In addition, pigs fed diets contained heat-killed had lower concentrations of serum TNF-α (d 7; p < 0.05), TGF-β1 (d 7; p < 0.10), and cortisol (d 3 and 7; p < 0.05) than pigs fed CON. In conclusion, dietary heat-killed LR improved growth rate, modified immune responses of weaned pigs, and alleviated post-weaning diarrhea.
Abstract
This experiment was performed to verify whether dietary heat-killed Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LR) improves growth performance and modulates immune responses of weaned pigs. Ninety-six weaned pigs ([Landrace × Yorkshire] × Duroc; 6.95 ± 0.25 kg body weight [BW]; 28 d old) were randomly allocated to four treatments: 1) a basal diet without heat-killed LR (CON), 2) T1 (CON with 0.1% heat-killed LR), 3) T2 (CON with 0.2% heat-killed LR), and 4) T3 (CON with 0.4% heat-killed LR). Each treatment had six pens with four pigs (6 replicates per treatment) in a randomized completely block design. The heat-killed LR used in this study contained 1 × 109 FU/g of LR in a commercial product. Pigs were fed each treatment for four weeks using a two-phase feeding program to measure growth performance and frequency of diarrhea. During the last week of this study, all diets contained 0.2% chromic oxide as an indigestible marker. Fecal sampling was performed through rectal palpation for the consecutive three days after the four adaptation days to measure apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter, crude protein, and gross energy (GE). Blood sampling was also performed on day 1, 3, 7, and 14 after weaning to measure immune responses such as serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), C-reactive protein (CRP), and cortisol. The heat-killed LR increased (p < 0.05) growth rate, feed efficiency, and ATTD of GE for overall experimental period compared with CON, but reduced (p < 0.05) post-weaning diarrhea. In addition, pigs fed diets contained heat-killed had lower concentrations of serum TNF-α (d 7; p < 0.05), TGF-β1 (d 7; p < 0.10), and cortisol (d 3 and 7; p < 0.05) than pigs fed CON. In conclusion, dietary heat-killed LR improved growth rate, modified immune responses of weaned pigs, and alleviated post-weaning diarrhea.
참고문헌 (51)
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, "Probiotics in animal nutrition – production, impact and regulation", FAO, ~, pp.FAO Animal Production and Health Paper No. 179 (2016)
- D. Kelly, "Probiotics in young and newborn animals", Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 7(Suppl 1), pp.15~23 (1998), The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, PAS[DOI]
- J.H. Cho, "Probiotics as a Dietary Additive for Pigs: A Review", Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 10(16), pp.2127~2134 (2011), Medwell Publications[DOI]
- Stein H, "Feeding the pigs’ immune system and alternatives to antibiotics", Proceedings of the 7th London Swine Conference Proceedings, pp.65~82 (2007)
- Zhu GQ, "The potential benefits of probiotics in animal production and health", J Anim Vet Adv, 8, pp.313~321 (2009)
- Patil AK, "Probiotics as feed additives in weaned pigs : a review", Livest Res Int, 3, pp.31~39 (2015)
- K Isa, "Safety assessment of the Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI 588® probiotic strain including evaluation of antimicrobial sensitivity and presence of Clostridium toxin genes in vitro and teratogenicity in vivo", Human & Experimental Toxicology, 35(8), pp.818~832 (2016), SAGE Publications[DOI]
- Boyle RJ, "Probiotic use in clinical practice : what are the risks", Am J Clin Nutr, 83, pp.1256~1264 (2006)
- Miguel Gueimonde, "Enhancing probiotic stability in industrial processes", Microbial Ecology in Health & Disease, 23, pp.2~6 (2012), Co-Action Publishing[DOI]
- C. Mottet, "Probiotics: wanted dead or alive", Digestive and Liver Disease, 37(1), pp.3~6 (2005), Elsevier BV[DOI]
- Clifford A. Adams, "The probiotic paradox: live and dead cells are biological response modifiers", Nutrition Research Reviews, 23(1), pp.37~46 (2010), Cambridge University Press (CUP)[DOI]
- Sampo J. Lahtinen, "Probiotic viability – does it matter?", Microbial Ecology in Health & Disease, 23, pp.10~14 (2012), Co-Action Publishing[DOI]
- Chu-Chyn Ou, "Heat-Killed Lactic Acid Bacteria Enhance Immunomodulatory Potential by Skewing the Immune Response toward Th1 Polarization", Journal of Food Science, 76(5), pp.M260~M267 (2011), Wiley[DOI]
- Caroline N. de Almada, "Paraprobiotics: Evidences on their ability to modify biological responses, inactivation methods and perspectives on their application in foods", Trends in Food Science & Technology, 58, pp.96~114 (2016), Elsevier BV[DOI]
- Valentina Taverniti, "The immunomodulatory properties of probiotic microorganisms beyond their viability (ghost probiotics: proposal of paraprobiotic concept)", Genes & Nutrition, 6(3), pp.261~274 (2011), Springer Science and Business Media LLC[DOI]
- Núria Piqué, "Health Benefits of Heat-Killed (Tyndallized) Probiotics: An Overview", International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(10), pp.2534~ (2019), MDPI AG[DOI]
- Yang Wang, "Oral administration of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG to newborn piglets augments gut barrier function in pre-weaning piglets", Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B, 20(2), pp.180~192 (2019), Zhejiang University Press[DOI]
- Xiao-Qiong Li, "Risks Associated with High-Dose Lactobacillus rhamnosus in an Escherichia coli Model of Piglet Diarrhoea: Intestinal Microbiota and Immune Imbalances", PLoS ONE, 7(7), pp.e40666~ (2012), Public Library of Science (PLoS)[DOI]
- P. Trevisi, "Dietary addition of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG impairs the health of Escherichia coli F4-challenged piglets", Animal, 5(9), pp.1354~1360 (2011), Elsevier BV[DOI]
- Mahmoud A.O. Dawood, "Probiotics as an environment-friendly approach to enhance red sea bream, Pagrus major growth, immune response and oxidative status", Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 57, pp.170~178 (2016), Elsevier BV[DOI]
- Mahmoud A. O. Dawood, "Physiological response, blood chemistry profile and mucus secretion of red sea bream (Pagrus major) fed diets supplemented with Lactobacillus rhamnosus under low salinity stress", Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 43(1), pp.179~192 (2017), Springer Science and Business Media LLC[DOI]
- Nan Li, "Live and Heat-Killed Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG: Effects on Proinflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines", Chemokines in Gastrostomy-Fed Infant Rats, 2009, pp.66(2), 203~207[DOI]
- E. Bloise, "Heat-killed Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Modulates Urocortin and Cytokine Release in Primary Trophoblast Cells", Placenta, 31(10), pp.867~872 (2010), Elsevier BV[DOI]
- National Research Council, "Nutrient requirement of swine" (2012), National Academy Press
- 이정재, "Effects of dietary carbohydrases on productive performance and immune responses of lactating sows and their piglets", 한국축산학회지, 61(6), pp.359~365 (2019), 한국축산학회[DOI]
- 박상우, "Dietary protease improves growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal morphology of weaned pigs", 한국축산학회지, 62(1), pp.21~30 (2020), 한국축산학회[DOI]
- Association of Official Analytical Chemists International, "Official methods of analysis of AOAC International" (2005), AOAC International
- Williams CH, "The determination of chromic oxide in faeces samples by atomic absorption spectrophotometry", J Agric Sci, 59, pp.381~385 (1962)[DOI]
- Lewis AJ, "Swine nutrition", pp.903~916 (2001), CRC Press
- Marli BUSANELLO, "Probiotics: viable and inactivated cells on the performance, microflora and blood parameters of piglets", Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal, 16(2), pp.387~396 (2015), FapUNIFESP (SciELO)[DOI]
- Bocourt R, "Effect of the probiotic activity of Lactobacillus rhamnosus on productive and health indicators of piglets", Cuba J Agric Sci, 38, pp.75~79 (2004)
- di Gioia D, "Probiotics and prebiotics in animal health and food safety", pp.269~273 (2018), Springer Nature
- Marion Bernardeau, "Safety and efficacy of probiotic lactobacilli in promoting growth in post-weaning Swiss mice", International Journal of Food Microbiology, 77(1-2), pp.19~27 (2002), Elsevier BV[DOI]
- Mariya Sewaka, "Efficacy of synbiotic Jerusalem artichoke and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG-supplemented diets on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, intestinal morphology, immune parameters and protection against Aeromonas veronii in juvenile red tilapia (Oreochromis spp.)", Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 86, pp.260~268 (2019), Elsevier BV[DOI]
- Sriparna Basu, "Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in Persistent Diarrhea in Indian Children", Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology, 41(8), pp.756~760 (2007), Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)[DOI]
- Lu Zhang, "Evaluation of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG using an Escherichia coli K88 model of piglet diarrhoea: Effects on diarrhoea incidence, faecal microflora and immune responses", Veterinary Microbiology, 141(1-2), pp.142~148 (2010), Elsevier BV[DOI]
- J.C. Kim, "Nutrition and pathology of weaner pigs: nutritional strategies to support barrier function in the gastrointestinal tract", Animal Feed Science and Technology, 173(1-2), pp.3~16 (2012), Elsevier BV[DOI]
- Raouf Tareb, "In vitro characterization of aggregation and adhesion properties of viable and heat-killed forms of two probiotic Lactobacillus strains and interaction with foodborne zoonotic bacteria, especially Campylobacter jejuni", Journal of Medical Microbiology, 62(4), pp.637~649 (2013), Microbiology Society[DOI]
- Ruixia Lan, "Effects ofLactobacillus acidophilussupplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbial and noxious gas emission in weaning pigs", Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 97(4), pp.1310~1315 (2017), Wiley[DOI]
- P.Y. Zhao, "Effect of direct-fed microbial on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal noxious gas emission, fecal microbial flora and diarrhea score in weanling pigs", Animal Feed Science and Technology, 200, pp.86~92 (2015), Elsevier BV[DOI]
- Seema Patel, "Potentials of Exopolysaccharides from Lactic Acid Bacteria", Indian Journal of Microbiology, 52(1), pp.3~12 (2012), Springer Science and Business Media LLC[DOI]
- Yuhua Wang, "Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG reduces hepatic TNFα production and inflammation in chronic alcohol-induced liver injury", The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 24(9), pp.1609~1615 (2013), Elsevier BV[DOI]
- Oh NS, "Probiotic and anti-inflammatory potential of Lactobacillus rhamnosus 4B15 and Lactobacillus gasseri 4M13 isolated from infant feces", PLOS ONE, 13, pp.e0192021~ (2018)[DOI]
- Wei-Jen Ting, "Heat Killed Lactobacillus reuteri GMNL-263 Reduces Fibrosis Effects on the Liver and Heart in High Fat Diet-Hamsters via TGF-β Suppression", International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 16(10), pp.25881~25896 (2015), MDPI AG[DOI]
- Ayako Uchinaka, "Anti-inflammatory effects of heat-killed Lactobacillus plantarum L-137 on cardiac and adipose tissue in rats with metabolic syndrome", Scientific Reports, 8(1), pp.1~20 (2018), Springer Science and Business Media LLC[DOI]
- Kensei Nishida, "Daily administration of paraprobiotic Lactobacillus gasseri CP2305 ameliorates chronic stress-associated symptoms in Japanese medical students", Journal of Functional Foods, 36, pp.112~121 (2017), Elsevier BV[DOI]
- Shin Jie Yong, "Antidepressive Mechanisms of Probiotics and Their Therapeutic Potential", Frontiers in Neuroscience, 13, pp.1361~ (2020), Frontiers Media SA[DOI]
- Adam J. Moeser, "Weaning stress and gastrointestinal barrier development: Implications for lifelong gut health in pigs", Animal Nutrition, 3(4), pp.313~321 (2017), Elsevier BV[DOI]
- Nuria Castro-Bravo, "Interactions of Surface Exopolysaccharides From Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus Within the Intestinal Environment", Frontiers in Microbiology, 9, pp.2426~ (2018), Frontiers Media SA[DOI]
- Kan Xiao, "Anemonin improves intestinal barrier restoration and influences TGF-β1 and EGFR signaling pathways in LPS-challenged piglets", Innate Immunity, 22(5), pp.344~352 (2016), SAGE Publications[DOI]
- 이정재, "Effects of dietary protease on immune responses of weaned pigs", 한국축산학회지, 62(2), pp.174~179 (2020), 한국축산학회[DOI]