인공지능(AI)의 법인격 부여와 위법 행위 책임에 관한 연구
A study on granting legal personality to Artificial Intelligence and responsibility for illegal acts
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본 연구는 인공지능(AI)에게 법인격을 부여하고 위법 행위에 대한 책임을 논의하는 법적 문제를 다룬다. 인공지능 기술이 급속히 발전하면서 인공지능의 자율적인 의사결정과 행동 범위가 확대됨에 따라, 법적 문제가 점차 복잡해지고 있다. 특히, 인공지능의 위법 행위에 대한 책임 소재를 명확히 하기 위한 법적 인프라가 부족한 상황에서 인공지능에게 법인격을 부여하여 문제를 해결할 가능성을 모색한다. 본 논문은 먼저 법인격의 개념과 전통적 법리론을 탐구하고, 인공지능에 법인격을 부여할 경우의 법적 및 실질적 문제를 분석한다. 이를 위해 국내외 다양한 사례와 학문적 논의를 통해 인공지능이 자율적으로 행한 위법 행위에 대해 법적 책임 주체로서의 가능성을 조사한다. 또한, 인공지능에게 법인격을 부여할 때 예상되는 법적 장·단점을 비교 검토하고, 인공지능의 자율적 의사결정 능력을 인정함으로써 위법 행위에 대한 명확한 책임 주체를 설정할 가능성을 제시한다.
Abstract
This study deals with the legal issues of granting legal personality to artificial intelligence (AI) and discussing responsibility for illegal acts. As AI technology rapidly develops and the scope of AI’s autonomous decision-making and actions expands, legal issues are becoming increasingly complex. In particular, given the lack of legal infrastructure to clearly determine responsibility for AI’s illegal acts, we explore the possibility of granting AI legal personality to solve the problem. This paper first explores the concept of legal personality and traditional legal theories, and analyzes the legal and practical issues of granting AI legal personality. To this end, we investigate the possibility of AI as a legal entity for illegal acts committed autonomously through various domestic and international cases and academic discussions. In addition, we compare and review the expected legal advantages and disadvantages of granting AI legal personality, and suggest the possibility of establishing a clear entity responsible for illegal acts by acknowledging AI’s autonomous decision-making ability.
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