플랫폼의 일반적 정의가 기업의 경제적, 전략적 의사결정에 미치는 효과에 대한 연구
A Study of the Effect of the General Definition of Platforms on the Firm's Economic and Strategy Decision-Making
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초록
최근 IT산업을 중심으로 플랫폼 전략이 기업의 성패를 좌우하는 핵심 요소라는 인식이 확산되고 있고 플랫폼 관련 연구들도 다수 등장하고 있다. 하지만 기존 연구는 생산전략, 기술경영, 산업경제학 등 분야별로 독자적으로 진행되어 플랫폼에 대한 일반적인 정의도 부재한 상황이다. 이는 플랫폼에 대한 개념적인 혼란을 초래하고 연구 분야 간 교류를 저해하는 장애요인이 되고 있다. 본 연구는 기존 플랫폼 관련 논의를 종합하여 플랫폼의 속성, 정의, 경제적 가치 등에 대한 일관된 관점을 제공한다. 다양한 산업에 존재하는 플랫폼이 본질적으로 모두 동일한 구조이기 때문에 플랫폼에 대한 일반적인 정의가 가능하다. 또한 플랫폼의 경제적 효과는 기존 문헌에서 주장하는 바와 같이 플랫폼의 종류에 따라 사전적으로 결정되는 것이 아니라 기업의 전략이나 산업의 상황 등 플랫폼이 활용되는 맥락에 따라 결정된다. 플랫폼의 일반적인 정의를 활용하면 보다 유연한 관점에서 플랫폼 구축 방법 등의 전략을 수립할 수 있게 된다.
Abstract
Recently, it is generally accepted that firms' performance depends on platform strategies, especially in IT industries. We witness a growing body of literature on platforms. However, it might mislead us in two ways. First, while platforms emerged as firms' strategies as early as 1920's in the automobile industry, it introduces platforms as if they are a new phenomenon. Second, it fails to integrate the existing studies from a variety of academic fields, with the exceptions of Baldwin and Woodard (2009) and Gawer (2009). This study attempts to analyze the common characteristics of various platforms and provide a definition of platforms generally applicable to any kind of platforms. We collect all the keywords about the characteristics of platforms from the definitions of several previous studies. We also observe that various platforms from various industries such as automobile frames, PC operating systems, and online transaction systems are similar in structure. Platforms can be defined as 'core modules that are used repeatedly to create a variety of systems'. With this definition, we can better understand the economic values of platforms and formulate firms' strategies such as how to create a new platform.
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