현금흐름 예측과 발생주의 회계정보 유용성에 대한 실증 연구-충청북도 기업을 중심으로-
An Empirical Study on the Usefulness of Cash Flow Prediction and Accrual Accounting Information-Focusing on Companies in ChungcheongBuk-Do Province-
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회계정보는 이해관계자가 기업의 현재 운영 상황을 이해할 수 있게 할 뿐만 아니라 기업의 미래 발전을 예측하기 위한 기본 정보를 제공할 수 있다(Choi, 2015). FASB(1978)도 재무회계의 목적 중 하나가 기업의 미래영업현금흐름을 예측하는 것이라고 제시했다. 본 연구에서는 선행연구에서 연구되지 않은 충청북도 기업을 대상으로 회계정보와 관련된 당기순이익과 당기영업현금흐름이 미래영업현금흐름 예측에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 분석하였다. 본 연구는 1999년부터 2020년까지 KOSPI와 KOSDAQ시장에 상장된 충청북도 기업을 대상으로 실증분석을 하였다. 실증분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 충청북도 기업의 미래 영업현금흐름과 당기순이익 및 당기 영업현금흐름 사이에 유의한 양(+)의 관계가 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 당기순이익과 당기영업현금흐름 회계정보 모두 충청북도 기업의 미래영업현금흐름을 예측하는 유용한 정보라는 것을 의미한다. 즉, 당기의 높은 순이익 수준과 높은 영업현금흐름 수준에 따른 낮은 융자제약이 기업의 혁신수준을 높이고 기업이 미래에 더 많은 투자기회를 갖게 하여 기업이 미래에 더 높은 수익 창출 능력을 갖게 하고 나아가 기업의 미래 영업현금흐름을 증가시키는 것으로 해석할 수 있다. 추가분석에서는 충청북도 기업이 당기순이익에 대해 더 많은 조정을 해서 당기영업현금흐름에 비하여 충청북도 기업의 높은 당기순이익 수준이 융자제약을 충분히 완화하지 못해 충청북도 기업의 미래영업현금흐름에 대한 예측능력이 더 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 주주와 채권자는 기업의 미래 순이익뿐만 아니라 기업의 미래영업현금흐름에도 매우 큰 관심을 가지고 있다(Al‐Attar and Hussain,2004; Yan, 2005). 당기순이익과 당기영업현금흐름에 따른 충청북도 기업의 미래영업현금흐름 예측 능력에 대한 본 연구 결과는 충청북도 기업의 주주와 채권자들이 충청북도 기업의 미래영업현금흐름을 평가할 때 당기순이익보다 충청북도 기업의 당기영업현금흐름을 더 중시해야 한다는 것을 제시하고 있다. 또한 본 연구 결과는 충청북도 기업들이 당기영업현금흐름보다 당기순이익에 대해 더 많은 조정을 하는 것으로 나타나고 있는데, 이는 충청북도청 등 감독기관에도 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.
Abstract
Accounting information not only informs stakeholders of the current business performance of an enterprise, but also provides basic information for predicting the future development of an enterprise. The FASB(1978) states that a goal of financial accounting is to predict future operating cash flow(OCF) of an enterprise. Focusing on enterprises in Chungcheongbuk-do, which represent a research gap in previous studies, this paper explores the reliability of current net profit and current OCF related to accounting information in predicting future OCF. We performed an empirical analysis of enterprises in Chungcheongbuk-do that were listed on the KOSPI and KOSDAQ stock markets between 1999 and 2020. The empirical results are listed below. First, there is a significant positive correlation between future OCF and current net profit & current OCF of enterprises in Chungcheongbuk-do. That means, both the current net profit and current OCF are useful indicators for predicting the future OCF of enterprises in Chungcheongbuk-do. This suggests that decreased financing constraints resulting from the current high profit level and OCF level may improve the innovation level of an enterprise and bring more investment opportunities in the future, which may increase its profitability and then future OCF. Moreover, further analytics indicates that enterprises in Chungcheongbuk-do have exerted more manipulation of current net profit. Therefore, the high current profit level is even less capable of adequately easing the financing constraints for enterprises in Chungcheongbuk-do than current OCF, which indicates its weaker reliability in predicting the future OCF of those enterprises. Besides future net profit, shareholders and creditors are very concerned with the future OCF of an enterprise. By studying the reliability of current net profit and current OCF in predicting the the future OCF of enterprises in Chungcheongbuk-do, this paper suggests that while evaluating the future OCF of those enterprises, shareholders and creditors should pay greater attention to current OCF than current net profit. In addition, the research in this paper has observed that enterprises in Chungcheongbuk-do have exerted more manipulation of current net profit than current OCF, which may provide regulators with some insights.
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