일제강점기 조선총독부의 결핵 정책(1910 -1945): 소극적 규제로 시작된 대응과 한계

Abstract

In this paper, I tried to examine the characteristic of anti-tuberculosispolicy in colonial Korea and find out internal constraint of hygienicadministration by Japanese government during Japanese-Colonial Period. Despite of high prevalence of tuberculosis among Japanese in Korea, theJapanese Government General of Korea had done almost nothing until1936. Japan’s hygienic administration was highly dependent upon hygienicpolice, and mainly with compulsory isolation and disinfection. It wasinefficient in tuberculosis problem. In 1918, Japanese Government Generalenacted ‘Ordinance of Prevention of Tuberculosis’, solely based uponnaive tuberculosis etiology in sputum; consisted of simple crackdown andisolation and had no effect due to the limit of anti-tuberculosis and healthbudget. Also the ordinance actually set limitation upon the tuberculosisfacilities, only a few health care facilities could be affordable for tuberculosis patients. Since 1936, the Japanese Government General of Korea begantuberculosis prevention measures in earnest. Due to the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II, there was urgent need to make Koreansociety and population as “safe, and healthy rear area”. The Governmentorganized ‘Chosen Anti-tuberculosis Association’ and highly pursuedenlightment campaign. It was almost temporary measures of enlightenmentand publicity. Also various types of health screening and tuberculosisprevalence research were introduced to Korean people. But it was not soeffective to identify tuberculosis problem in Korea. Mass tuberculin test andX-ray test was introduced, but it was not well organized and scientificallydesigned. Besides, tuberculosis treatment facility was extremely rarebecause of strict isolation and high standard policy. Japanese Governemtnset numerous tuberculosis-counseling centers and mobilized public doctorfor consulting tuberculosis, but the accessibility of centers was very low. Moreover, there was no source to establish facilities like sanatorium. TheJapanese Government General of Korea was constantly suffered fromlimit of budget and a lot of Japanese in Korea had no inherent motivefor installing sanatorium and anti-tuberculosis measures. As the result,the effort made by Japanese Government General of Korea to diminishtuberculosis in Korea failed during the wartime.