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"한민족의 뿌리"를 말하는 의사들: 의학 유전학과 한국인 기원론, 1975-1987

Doctors Telling about "the Root of Koreans": Medical Genetics and the Korean Origins, 1975-1987

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Anthropological genetics emerged as a new discipline to investigate the origin of human species in the second half of the twentieth century. Using the genetic database of blood groups and other protein polymorphisms, anthropological geneticists started redrawing the ancient migratory history of human populations. A peculiarity of the Korean experience is that clinical physicians were the first experts using genetic data to theorize the historical origin of the respective population. This paper examines how South Korean physicians produced the genetic knowledge and discourse of the Korean origins in the 1970s and 1980s. It argues that transnational scientific exchange led clinical researchers to engage in global anthropological studies. The paper focuses on two scientific cooperative cases in medical genetics at the time: the West German-South Korean pharmacogenetic research on the Korean population and the Asia-Oceania Histocompatibility Workshop. At the outset, the physicians introduced medical genetics into their laboratory for clinical applications. Involving in cooperative projects, which had asked them to investigate anthropological implications of their clinical work, the medical researchers came to use their genetic data for studying the Korean origins. In the process, the physicians simply followed a nationalist narrative of the Korean origins rather than criticizing it. It was partially due to their lack of serious interest in anthropological work. Their explanations about the Korean origins would be considered “scientific” while their embracing of the nationalist narrative would be hidden.

Abstract

Anthropological genetics emerged as a new discipline to investigate the origin of human species in the second half of the twentieth century. Using the genetic database of blood groups and other protein polymorphisms, anthropological geneticists started redrawing the ancient migratory history of human populations. A peculiarity of the Korean experience is that clinical physicians were the first experts using genetic data to theorize the historical origin of the respective population. This paper examines how South Korean physicians produced the genetic knowledge and discourse of the Korean origins in the 1970s and 1980s. It argues that transnational scientific exchange led clinical researchers to engage in global anthropological studies. The paper focuses on two scientific cooperative cases in medical genetics at the time: the West German-South Korean pharmacogenetic research on the Korean population and the Asia-Oceania Histocompatibility Workshop. At the outset, the physicians introduced medical genetics into their laboratory for clinical applications. Involving in cooperative projects, which had asked them to investigate anthropological implications of their clinical work, the medical researchers came to use their genetic data for studying the Korean origins. In the process, the physicians simply followed a nationalist narrative of the Korean origins rather than criticizing it. It was partially due to their lack of serious interest in anthropological work. Their explanations about the Korean origins would be considered “scientific” while their embracing of the nationalist narrative would be hidden.

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