데이터 출처 유형에 따른 중학생의 소집단 논변활동의 인식론적 수준
Epistemic Level in Middle School Students’ Small-Group Argumentation Using First-Hand or Second-Hand Data
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초록
본 연구는 탐구 맥락에서 실시된 논변활동 과정에서 학생들이 이용하는 데이터 출처에 따라 학생의 인식론적 추론과 논변의 구조가 어떻게 달라지는지 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 이를 위해 중학교 1학년 ‘식물의 영양’ 단원에서 1차 데이터를 이용하는 3가지 논변 과제와 2차 데이터를 이용하는 3가지 논변 과제를 개발하여 적용하였다. 연구 결과, 논변활동 과정에서 나타난 학생들의 인식론적 추론은 데이터 출처에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 1차 데이터를 이용한 논변활동에서는 대부분 현상기반추론이나 관계기반추론을 통해 설명을 구성하였지만 2차 데이터를 이용한 논변활동에서는 모든 소집단이 모형기반추론을 포함하여 설명을 구성해 나갔다. 현상기반추론이나 관계기반추론을 바탕으로 작성된 논변의 경우, 학생들은 관찰 가능한 특징만을 기술하였고 논변에서 보장이 생략되는 경우가 많았다. 반면 모형기반추론을 포함한 논변의 경우 관찰 결과를 이론 지식과 결합하여 설명을 구성해가고 논변에서 보장이 보다 잘 드러났다. 그리고 이 때, 소집단 내에서는 더욱 다양한 아이디어가 제안되었고 이에 대한 평가 맥락이 형성되면서 논변활동을 더욱 자극하였다.
Abstract
This study is conducted to examine how epistemic reasoning and argument structures of students vary according to data sources used in the process of argumentation implemented in the context of inquiry. To this end, three argument tasks using first-hand data and three argument tasks using second-hand data were developed and applied to the unit on ‘Nutrition of plants’ for first year middle school students. According to the results of this study, epistemic reasoning of students manifested during the process of argumentation and varied according to data sources. While most students composed explanations with phenomenon-based or relation-based reasoning in argumentation using first-hand data, all the small groups composed explanations that included model-based reasoning in argumentation using second-hand data. In the case of arguments including phenomenon-based or relation-based reasoning, students described only observable characteristics, with warrants omitted from arguments in many cases. On the other hand, in the case of arguments that included model-based reasoning, explanations were composed by combining the results of observations with theoretical knowledge, with warrants more apparent in their arguments.
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