과학·기술관련 사회쟁점(SSI)에 대한 학생들의 주요 의사결정 논점의 기술의 본성(NOT)적 해석
Analysis of Students’ Socioscientific Decision-Making from the Nature of Technology Perspectives
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본 연구에서는 학생들의 과학·기술관련 사회쟁점(SSI)에 대한 의사결정과정을 탐색하는 방안으로 기술의 본성(NOT)을 제안하였다. SSI의사결정과정에서 자주 언급되는 논점들은 과학 지식 및 지식의 형성과정에서 추출된 과학의 본성보다는 인간이 필요로 하는 도구를 만들거나 사회에서 벌어지는 다양한 문제를 해결하고자 개발되는 기술과더욱 밀접하게 연관되기 때문이다. 이에, 서울 소재 대학교에 재학중인 45명의 학생들을 대상으로 GMO(황금쌀)에 대한 시나리오를 제공한 후, 그에 대한 의사결정 내용을 글로 작성하도록 하였다. 글쓰기에서 드러난 학생들의 주요 논점은 네 가지로 요약될 수 있었다. 첫째,과학기술 인공물이 사회문제를 해결할 수 있을까? 둘째, 해당 사회문제를 해결하기 위한 다른 대안은 없을까? 셋째 과학기술 개발과정 및관련 제품이 유통되고 사용되는 과정에서 발생할 수 있는 부작용 혹은문제점은 없을까? 넷째, 과학기술의 불확실성이 존재하는 상황에서어떤 대응을 해야 할까? 연구자는 이 네 가지 논점을 문헌에서 추출한기술의 본성(NOT)(문제의 해결안으로서의 기술, 문화적 맥락과 가치의 역할, 기술적 트레이드오프, 시스템으로서의 기술, 기술적 진보)의관점에서 해석하였다. 그 결과, NOS와 달리 NOT는 학생들의 주요논점에서 명시적으로 드러났으며, 이를 통해 학생들의 기술에 대한이해 수준도 가늠해 볼 수도 있었다. 이는 SSI 맥락에서 합리적인 의사결정 능력을 함양하는 방안으로서 NOT의 적용가능성을 시사한다.
Abstract
Since socioscientific issues (SSI) reflect various characteristics of new technologies designed to meetthe incessant human needs in the contemporary society, this study explores the feasibility of adaptingnature of technology (NOT) to analyze students’ socioscientific decision-making. To achieve the aim,forty-five college students enrolled in a liberal arts course on science and technology studies participatedin the study and responded to a GMO (golden rice) scenario in a written form. Four major viewpointswere identified from their writing: 1) is the technological artifact able to solve a societal problem?, 2)are there some alternatives to solve the societal problem?, 3) what kinds of side effects or flaws couldturn up during distribution and consumption of the technological artifact?, and 4) can we cope withthe technological uncertainty? We revisited the viewpoints within the NOT framework (technology asa ‘fix,’ cultural context and role of values, technological trade-offs, technology as a system, andtechnological progression). As a result, unlike NOS, NOT were quite explicitly represented in theirdecision-making and students’ level of understanding on NOT varied. It indicates that NOT can be apromising construct for cultivating informed SSI decision-making.
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