학생들의 글쓰기에 나타난 논의구조에 미치는 탐구적 과학 글쓰기 활동의 효과 분석
The Effects of Argument-Based Inquiry Using the Science Writing Heuristic (SWH) Approach on Argument Structure in Students' Writing
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이 연구의 목적은 학생들의 글쓰기에 나타난 논의구조의 특징을 통해 탐구적 과학 글쓰기 활동의 효과를 심층적으로 살펴보고자 하는 것이다. 이를 위해 탐구적 과학 글쓰기 전략을 바탕으로 개발된 중학교 2학년 프로그램 7개 주제를 적용한 후 학생들의 글쓰기에 나타난 논의 구조의 특징을 비교해 보았다. 이연구를 위해 광역시 소재 중학교 2학년 2개 학급을 실험집단으로, 1개 학급을 비교집단으로 선정하여, 실험집단에는 탐구적 과학 글쓰기 활동을 실시하였고, 비교집단에는 전통적인 강의 및 실험 수업을 실시하였다. 프로그램의 처치 후 두 집단에게 요약 글쓰기를실시하였고, 요약 글쓰기를 통해 학생들의 글쓰기에나타나는 논의 구조의 특징을 살펴보았다. 프로그램의처치 결과 탐구적 과학 글쓰기 활동을 실시한 실험집단 학생들이 전통적 강의 및 실험 수업을 실시한 비교집단에 비해 요약 글쓰기에서 논의 구조를 많이 사용하는 것으로 나타났고, 실험집단 학생들의 증거에서설명과 함께 그림, 그래프, 예시 등의 다양한 표현 제시되어 있었다. 그리고 증거 제시 수준에서도 비교집단은 증거를 제시할 경우 단순한 용어 나열하는 반면실험집단의 경우 상대방이 이해하기 쉽게 용어에 대한설명을 하거나 예를 적절히 사용하고 있었다. 이러한결과로부터 탐구적 과학 글쓰기 활동이 학생들의 글쓰기에서 논의 구조에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 비교집단과 구별되는 특징을 나타냄을 알 수 있었다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of argument structure on students' writing in implementation of argument-based inquiry using the Science Writing Heuristic (SWH) approach. Participants of this study were 108 8th grade students (three classes). Two classes (68 students) were assigned to an experimental group,and the other class (35 students) was assigned to a comparative group. The experimental group was taught argumentbased inquiry using the Science Writing Heuristic (SWH) approach, while the comparative group was taught with the traditional teaching strategy. After implementing this program, the two groups were asked to write summaries using structured argumentation in their writing. The result of this study showed that the experimental group used better argument structure and multimodal representation such as pictures, graphs and examples in evidence than the comparative group. The quality of evidence used in the students' writing was different between two groups. Students of the comparative group only listed fragments of science concepts for evidence to support their claims, but students of the experimental group explained science concepts by giving specific examples. The findings show that argumentbased inquiry using the SWH approach was effective on argument structure in students' writing.
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