프로축구선수의 운동손상과 체력 및 인체계측 변인간의 관련성
Relationships Between Injury, Physical Fitness, and AnthropometricParameters in Professional Soccer Players
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초록
연구배경 : 축구손상의 위험은 높지만, 국내 프로축구선수에 대한 손상의 위험요인에 대한 정보는 제한적이다. 본 연구의 목적은 프로축구선수를 대상으로 축구손상의 패턴을 분석하고 축구손상에 영향을 미치는 위험요인을 분석하는 것이다. 방 법 : 1개 구단의 의료진들이 1년 동안 36명의 선수들을 대상으로 손상에 대하여 진단하고 기록했다. 2006년 시즌이 시작되기 전에, 신장, 체중, 체구성, 최대산소섭취량, 등속성 근력(무릎, 발목), 햄스트링근/대퇴사두근비(Hamstring/Quadriceps Ratio; H/Q), 배측굴곡/저측굴곡비(Dorsiflexion/Plantarflexion Ratio; D/P), 허벅지 둘레, 종아리 둘레, 그리고 과거 상해경험 등 위험요인을 측정 및 조사하였으며 손상과 위험요인간의 관계를 알아보기 위하여 로지스틱 회귀분석을 사용하였다. 결 과 : 손상 발생률은 1,000 노출 시간당 2.3(1,000 경기 시간당 29.6, 1,000 훈련 시간당 0.7)이었다. 대부분의 손상은 하지(88.2%)에서 발생하였고 발목(27.9%)의 손상이 가장 빈도 있게 관찰되었으며, 손상 유형으로는 타박상(41.2%)이 가장 흔하게 관찰되었다. 과거 손상경험이 있는 선수는 없는 선수에 비해 손상 발생 가능성이 2.7배(95%신뢰구간 1.7-4.3) 높았으며, H/Q 비율이 비정상범위에 있는 선수가 정상범위에 있는 선수보다 손상 발생 가능성이 2.2배(95%신뢰구간 1.4-3.6) 높았다. 결 론 : 프로축구선수에게 있어서 과거 손상경험과 H/Q 비정상범위의 비율은 손상의 주요 위험요인이 될 수 있으리라 판단된다.
Abstract
Background : Although the risk of injury in soccer is high, a review of the literature concerning risk factors for injuries in professional athletes shows incomplete and contradictory result. The purpose of this study was to analyse injury patterns and risk factors related with injuries in professional soccer players. Methods : Club medical staff diagnosed and recorded injuries of Korean professional soccer players (n=36) for one year. Before the 2006 season started, the following were measured and examined as risk factors: height, weight, body composition, VO2max, isokinetic muscle strength (knee and ankle), hamstring/quadriceps (H/Q) ratio, dorsiflexion/plantar flexion (D/P) ratio, thigh and calf circumferences, and previous injuries. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the relations between injuries and the risk factors. Results : The incidence of injuries was 2.3 per 1,000 exposure hours (29.6 per 1,000 game hours, 0.7 per 1,000 training hours). Frequent sites of injury was the lower extremities (88.2%) and ankles (27.9%). The most common injury type was contusions (41.2%). Additionally, players injured previously were at greater risk of any injury compared with non-injured players (OR 2.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.7 to 4.3), and players with abnormal H/Q ratio were at greater risk of injury when compared with those who has normal H/Q ratio (OR 2.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.4 to 3.6). Conclusions : Previous injury and H/Q ratio were identified as the main risk factors for injury among Korean professional soccer players.
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