여성 축구선수의 연령별 손상예방 인식과 손상유형의 특성
Awareness of Injury Prevention and Characteristics of Injuries in Different Age Female Soccer Players
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[서론] 선행연구에 의하면 과거에 발생된 손상 경험은 손상발생을 증가시키는 위험요인으로 작용할 것으로 알려졌다. 특히 여성선수의 경우 아동기에서 청소년기 사이에 발생한 손상은 성인기 손상발생 위험을 증가시킨다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 여성 축구선수의 연령별 손상예방 인식수준과 손상유형의 특성을 파악하여 선수와 지도자들에게 손상에 관한 인식을 높이고 차후에 손상예방과 관리 방안을 찾는데 목적이 있다. [방법] 고등학교, 대학교, 실업의 여성축구선수 150명을 대상으로 훈련, 경기 중 손상인식, 운동형태, 생리상태, 최근 1년간 손상특성조사를 위해 설문을 실시하였다. 본 연구는 집단 간 일반적 특성과 손상예방인식 차이경향을 알아보기 위해 χ2검정과 일원변량분석을 이용하였으며, 내적차이검증은 본페로니 방법을 이용하였다. [결과] 선수들의 손상예방 인식정도는 고등학교에 비해 대학교, 실업으로 전향되면서 인식이 유의하게 변화되는 경향을 나타내었다. 훈련정도와 생리 상태는 고등학교, 대학교, 실업사이에 유의하게 변화되는 경향을 나타내었다. 1년간 발생된 손상부위는 발목, 무릎, 대퇴부, 허리, 엉덩이와 골반 순으로 빈도가 높았다. [결론] 여성 축구선수의 손상예방 인식수준은 연령이 증가함에 따라 유의하게 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으며, 손상발생 또한 고등학교와 대학교에 비해 실업팀이 높았다. 실업팀 선수의 손상예방인식 수준은 높지만 과거의 손상경험과 과사용으로 인한 만성손상 등이 손상발생을 높인 것으로 생각된다. 따라서 아동기 때부터 손상예방인식의 향상을 위한 교육과 손상예방 방법을 선수와 지도자에게 권고할 필요성이 있을 것으로 생각된다.
Abstract
[INTRODUCTION] Injury history has been speculated as a strong risk factor of a major injury in sports. Especially, high injury incidences in young female soccer players would increase the level of injury risk in the later stages of their career. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate an awareness of the importance about injury prevention and types of injuries in different age female soccer players. [METHOD] One hundred and fifty female soccer players in high school, college and semi-professional team participated in the survey in order to get information about awareness of injury prevention, types of exercise, physiological condition and injury history over the last one year. The differences between age groups were analyzed using χ² and repeated ANOVA with the Bonferroni adjustment. [RESULT] Based on the results, there were significant differences in awareness of injury prevention, the duration of practice and physiological conditions between three groups. In the survey regarding injury type over the last one year, the ankle region is the most injured site followed by the thigh, the knee region, the low back pain, the hip and the pelvic. [CONCLUSION] In conclusion, there was a tendency to show an increase in an awareness of injury prevention with age but the level of injury incidences was increased in college and semi-professional soccer players compared to high school players. It is speculated that high level of injury incidences in semi-professional players would be related with their overuse of the joint and injury history even though the level of awareness about injury prevention was high. Therefore, a proper education about injury prevention to the athletes and coaches and an application of effective injury intervention program for adolescent players would be recommended.
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